Artificial Intelligence - Present and Future Uses - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2252 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/09/11 Category Information Systems Essay Topics: Artificial Intelligence Essay Did you like this example? Artificial Intelligence: Present and Future uses What is the definition of Artificial Intelligence? Lets’ break it down in to individual words to get an accurate definition. First, Artificial: made by human skill; produced by humans (https://dictionary. com). Second, Intelligence: capacity for learning, reasoning, understanding, and similar forms of mental activity; aptitude for grasping truths, relationships, facts, meanings, etc. (https://dictionary. com). Therefore, if we put the two words together we create a unique and complex definition. Artificial Intelligence is defined as: tools that exhibit human intelligence and behavior including self-learning robots, expert systems, voice recognition, natural and automated translation; Technology and learning portfolio. (1997, August) Retrieved August 30, 2010 from https://www. unesco. org/education/educprog/lwf/doc/portfolio/portindex. htm. Artificial Intelligence is being used presently, and will be used in the future in numerous exciting ways. Present day uses| Future uses| Military: *Weapons *Aircraft| Games: *Chess computer| Medicine: *Joystick surgery *Computer assisted surgery| Robots: *Medicine *Workforce| Education: *Educational tools| Integration: *Cybernetics *Reverse engineering| Table 0 Present day uses: Military The two primary uses of A. I. for the Military are in their weapons and aircraft. Stanford University won a two million dollar defense department grant for building an autonomous SUV named Stanley. This vehicle navigated a 131 mile off road race course, by itself, in six hours and fifty-three minutes. It eventually won the race against another autonomous vehicle. Its average land speed was 19. 1 mph, which is the average speed of a Military convoy. Another type of autonomous vehicle is called the sword. Basically, it’s a miniature tank with multiple automatic weapons and a grenade launcher attached. It can be controlled remotely, but its primary use is autonom ous missions. It can navigate through a war zone and take out ground troops from behind. The sword can also be sent into a hostile situation and cause a diversion, allowing the soldiers to quell the situation; Military applications. (n. d. ). Retrieved September 6, 2010, from https://www. aaai. org/AITopics/pmwiki/pmwiki. php/AITopics/Military. New military assault vehicles are being fitted with voice recognition software. This makes the communication between the on-board computer and the soldiers much faster. A soldier can speak a command into the computer while he/she is still driving, firing a weapon or tracking the enemy. The weapons are also voice command activated, so they can be fired while the soldier is conducting another duty. The main reason these vehicles are being made is to save soldiers lives, while protecting our country at the same time. This new technology will save lives, it will save even more lives as the technology grows; Military applications. (n. d. ). Retrieved September 6, 2010, from https://www. aaai. org/AITopics/pmwiki. php/AITopics/Military. Lastly, the F-35 Lightning Multi-role fighter from Lockheed Martin is the top of the line smart fighter jet. The F-35 is equipped with voice recognition software, making pilot to plane communications faster. The weapons are also voice activated, so the pilot can multi-task in an engagement. It is also equipped with an Automatic target recognition and classification system (ATRC), which is used to identify specific targets. The ATRC system is used in tandem with an Active electronically scanned array radar system (AESA). This system has a synthetic aperture radar mapping mode to provide the pilot with more precise search and targeting capabilities. Basically, the radar system maps the general area, and gives more accurate searches and targets faster; F-35 Lightning II Multi-role Fighter. (n. d. ). Retrieved September 6, 2010, from https://www. erospaceweb. org/aircraft/fighter/f35/. Pr esent day uses: Medicine The medical profession uses every advance they have access to, saving lives is their main objective. The da Vinci surgical system is a revolutionary new tool used to aid surgeons during surgery. This system uses four main components; the Surgeon Console, also called the Hermes control center, where the surgeon controls the surgery, the Patient Side cart makes the surgical contact with the patient, using robotic arms to hold and use the instruments while making the small incisions for the surgery. Next is the Endo Wrist Instruments, these instruments are used to simulate human surgical movements. Each instrument has its own function, from suturing to clamping. The Wrist instruments are held on with quick release levers for quick changes during the surgery. This instrument is used to control rotating, pivoting and the force applied from the robotic arms. Finally, the Insite Vision System with high resolution 3D endoscope and image processing capabilities. This system allows the surgeon to see inside the patient during the surgery, giving the surgeon an advantage over regular surgery. The Insite vision system sends clear, filtered and noise free real time video. The following chart shows the cost of the da Vinci surgical system compared to the competitor’s; Robotic surgery. (2005). Retrieved September 6, 2010, from https://biomed. brown. edu/Courses/BI108/BI108_2005_Groups/04/davinci. html. Market Information of the Robot Surgical Systems Equipment| Costs| Company Equipment Descriptions| Da Vinci Surgical System| $1 Million| Intuitive Surgical: Robot-assistant with arms to connect surgical instruments| Zeus Robot Surgical System| $975,000| Computer Motion: Robot-assistant with arms to connect surgical instruments| Aesop 3000| $80,000| Computer Motion: Voice-controlled endoscope-positioning robot| Hermes Control Center| Request price quota| Computer Motion: Centralized system used to network an intelligent OR| Socrates Robo tic Tele-collaboration System| Request price quota| Computer Motion: Allows shared control of Aesop 3000 from different locations| *Former Computer Motion systems that are now owned by Intuitive Surgical. Sources: Table 1 from Journal of Healthcare Management 46:4 July/August 2003 As you can see the initial cost is high, but the long term health and financial benefits for the patient and hospital are amazing. The following table will illustrate these facts. Estimate of Initial investment and cost savings per heart valve surgery for da Vinci Market price Maintenance/year Physician training| $1 million $100,000 $250,000| Cost of one inpatient hospital day| $2,000| Reduced inpatient hospital days for heart procedures| 4. 5 days| Cost saving per heart procedure due to reduced hospital stay| $9,000 per heart valve| Extra procedure cost| $2000 more per operation| Surgical assistance| $175,000 for fourth arm(compared to $80,610 per year for extra OR nurse)| Sources: Table 2 from Journal of Healthcare Management 46:4 July/August 2003 Salary Survey 2004. Nursing Management 35: 7 July 2004 Pages 28-32 American Heart Associations Scientific Sessions 2002 Present day uses: Education An abundance of people complain about the education system these days, most of them don’t like the way it works. There are two A. I. tutoring systems available now that can help the system work well. The SimBionic intelligent agent tool kit and the Task Tutor tool kit are the top of the line in A. I. assisted tutoring. The SimBionic tool kit allows the instructor to specify behaviors for simulated forces, without pre-programming. The behavior authoring tool allows the instructor to create an â€Å"entity† behavior using â€Å"drag and drop† interface to build the complex behaviors. After the behaviors are created, they can be re-used and modified for other scenarios. For example, an instructor creates a simulated battle scene where the primary group is being attac ked from three sides. The intelligent simulation automates the enemy, making the simulation more realistic, challenging and engaging; Stottler Henke Inc. , (2002), Simbionic tool kit. Retrieved August 9, 2010, from https://www. stottlerhenke. com/solutions/training/simbionic. htm. The second tutoring system is the Task Tutor tool kit. This system allows the instructor to produce procedure templates that specify the range of â€Å"actions† that are correct within each scenario. The system will also list the knowledge and skills demonstrated as the student completes the simulation. These templates are created by the instructor without programming, using a graphical interface to show the sequences of actions to the tutoring system. When the simulation is done, the tutor shows the student what principles they had correct or incorrect. It also gives explanations why they were wrong or right. Also, the tutor will answer â€Å"what do I do now† or why do I do that† u sing hints, allowing the student to solve the problem themselves. There are many subject areas this type of learning can be used for; Stottler Henke Inc. ,(2002), Task Tutor tool kit. Retrieved August,19,2010 from https://www. stottlerhenke. com/solutions/training/ttt. htm. The following graphic lists these subject areas: Future uses: Games In 1997 a computer named â€Å"Deep Blue† played and defeated the current world champion Garry Kasparov, taking the world championship from Mr. Kasparov for that year. Deep Blue is a computer that uses artificial intelligence to help make strategic decisions while playing chess. I know, this is not a future use, but the idea behind this computer has/is being expanded. Some current video games can predict what the player will do by analyzing how he/she has played in the past. Future computer games will be able to interact with the player, assisting with decision making and strategy; Waltz, D. (1996). Artificial Intelligence: Realizing th e ultimate promises of computing. Retrieved August 19, 2010 from https://www. cs. washington. edu/homes/lazowsk/era/ai. html. Future uses: Robots Noel Sharkey, a professor of AI and robotics, believes the way that artificial intelligence is growing we could see completely autonomous robots within 40 to 50 years. Also, that they could be conducting crash site surgeries, so the injured person wouldn’t die during the trip to the O. R. They could also do the smaller, faster, and less invasive surgeries, freeing up surgeons to do the more invasive and complicated ones; Lomas, N. (2010, March 4). Artificial Intelligence: How advanced will AI be in 2100? Retrieved August 19, 2010 from https://www. silicon. om/technology/software/2010/03/04/artificial-intelligence-how-advanced-will-ai-be-in-2100-39745432. Mr. Sharkey also believes robots could join the workforce in the future, having robotic receptionists in doctors, lawyers, and large corporate offices. Future uses: Integration K evin Warwick, a professor of cybernetics, believes that by the year 2050 intelligent machines/robots might be dominant. Or, humans will have â€Å"upgraded† themselves to â€Å"cyborgs†. If machines/robots are dominant by 2050, Mr. Warwick believes we will be living in a â€Å"terminator scenario†. If you haven’t seen the movies, humans would be living batteries to keep the machines charged up. But, he is more inclined to believe that humans will upgrade themselves with different forms of cybernetics. This means computer components will be integrated into the human body, enhancing they systems that the components are linked to; Lomas, N. (2010, March 4). Artificial Intelligence: How advanced will AI be in 2100? Retrieved August 19, 2010 from https://www. silicon. com/technology/software/2010/03/04/artificial-intelligence-how-advanced-will-ai-be-in-2100-39745432/. Ray Kurzweil, futurist, believes that by 2050 we will be past the Singularity, and we will have fully human-level AI. He also believes that we will have reverse engineered the human brain 20 years from now. He believes humans and intelligent technology will â€Å"merge† and create â€Å"hybrid† intelligence. The technological side of our merge will continue to grow intellectually,† expanding our brains capacity a billion fold by 2045†. By 2100, the expansion will be trillions of trillions fold and we will begin to expand beyond our solar system. How advanced will AI be in 2100? Retrieved August 19, 2010 from https://www. silicon. com/technology/software/2010/03/04/artificial-intelligence-how-advanced-will-ai-be-in-2100-39745432/. â€Å"The best way to predict the future is to invent it† – Alan Kay; Beekman, G. Beekman, B. (2009,p. 380, 397) Tomorrow’s technology and you (9th ed). New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. This statement is a, very general, way of summing up this paper. Everything I’ve spoken about in t he preceding pages started as a sparkle in the eye of a learned inventor or scientist. The only limit to the imagination of these people is the level of technology they had to begin at. In fact, most of these people were trying to advance current technology when they introduced their new ideas. Some of these ideas are just theories or, but these theories and ideas stimulate intelligent people into creating new, cutting edge technology. For this reason, artificial intelligence should be studied and researched. The present uses of A. I. re exciting, but the future of A. I. will yield many more astounding uses. â€Å"The Future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams† -Eleanor Roosevelt- References Beekman, G. Beekman, B. (2009, p. 380, 397). Tomorrow’s technology and you (9th ed. ). New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall Definition of Artificial. https://dictionary. com Definition of Intelligent. https://dictionary. com F-35 Lightning II multi-role fighter. (n. d. ). Retrieved September 6, 2010 from. https://www. aerospace. org/aircraft/fighter/f35/ Lomas, N. (2010, March 4). Artificial Intelligence: how advanced will AI be in 2100? Retrieved August 19, 2010 from https://www. silicon. om/technology/software/2010/03/04/artificial- intelligence-how-advanced-will-ai-be-in-2100-39745432/ Military applications. (n. d. ). Retrieved September 6, 2010 from https://www. aaai. org/AITopics/pmwiki. php/AITopics/Military Robotic Surgery. (2005). Retrieved September 6, 2010 from https://biomed. brown. edu/Courses/BI108_2005_Groups/04/davinci. html Roosevelt, E. (n. d. ). Direct quote. Message posted to Eleanor Roosevelt quotes, archived at https://thinkexist. com/quotation/the_future_belongs_to_those_who_believe_in_the/13262. html Stottler Henke Inc. , (2002), SimBionic tool kit. Retrieved August 19, 2010 from https://www. tottlerhenke. com/solutions/training/simbionic. htm Stottler Henke Inc. , (2002), Task Tutor tool kit. Retrieved August 19, 20 10 from https://stottlerhenke. com/solutions/training/ttt. htm Technology and learning portfolio. (1997, August). Retrieved August 30, 2010 from https://unesco. org/education/eduprog/lwf/doc/portfolio/portindex. htm Waltz, D. (1996). Artificial Intelligence: Realizing the ultimate promises of computing. Retrieved August 19, 2010 from https://www. cs. washington. edu/homes/lazowsk/era/ai. html [ 1 ]. Singularity: the point when machine intelligence outpaces that of humans Artificial Intelligence: Present and Future uses Bill DeJaynes Intro to computers Dr. Kanooni August 30, 2010 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦. 2 Artificial Intelligence: Present and future uses†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦ 2 Body†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 2-10 Table 0†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 2 Present day uses: Military†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3 Present day uses: Medicine†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Table 1†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦5 Table 2†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 6 Present day uses: Education†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦7 Learning subject areas graphic†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8 Future uses: Games†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦9 Future uses: Robots†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦9 Future uses: Integration†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦10 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 11 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦.. 12-13 Don’t waste time! 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Argumentative Essay On Space Habitability - 1189 Words

Seth Perkins Professor Erika Harnett ESS 102 AB 11 October 2017 Space Habitability The original space race may be far in the past, but the human drive to explore and discover has kept the concept of space travel and colonizing the rest of the universe a fascinating concept. Additionally, as climate change worsens on Earth and the human population continues to grow, the idea of moving out of Earth and beginning fresh becomes more and more appealing. However, Earth is the only planet known to sustain life, and whether life can be sustained elsewhere is a question that still needs to be answered. Space colonization presents a variety of new problems that need to be solved and dangers that need to be accounted for. Beyond the most obvious†¦show more content†¦Transporting this much cargo requires the development of new technologies, and potentially private sector contracting (â€Å"NASA’s Journey†). Transporting so much cargo, even if some is reusable across missions, isn’t Earth-independent. Long term, a different solut ion is necessary in order to sustain growing human populations separate from Earth. This requires being fully dependent on the sun and Martian resources for everything from food to fuel and building materials. This is challenging because most forms of life are unable to survive in a Mars-like environment without assistance. However, research at Cambridge has found that Mars contains the resources to sustain cyanobacteria, which could potentially make it possible to sustain other forms of life on Mars. Perhaps most importantly, cyanobacteria can perform photosynthesis, which makes oxygen production possible (Verseux et al., 2015). Verseux determined that sustaining a Mars crew for a year solely on Earth food would require the transportation of an extra 29 mt of supplies, which is extremely expensive. The symbiotic relationship between plants and cyanobacteria could be used to grow food, and cyanobacteria can be directly used as feed for fish, which could be an effective protein sourc e (Verseux et al., 2015). The inhabitants of Mars also need water, both for drinking and for sustaining the production of food and oxygen. Fortunately, as we discussed in lecture, Mars has large polar

Conventional surveying methods Essay Example For Students

Conventional surveying methods Essay Conventional surveying methods are clip devouring and dearly-won. They frequently requie multiple trips to the same country to do certain that the collected information is accurate. They can besides be delayed by bad conditions such as high air currents or torrential rain. By and large appraising with GPS requires a base receiving system and a wandering receiving system. Traditional usage of GPS for appraising requires two receiving systems ( one as a base station and one as a wanderer ) . OS Net-enabled services does non necessitate this, as information for corrections is fed straight to user s GPS device without the demand for a base station. This means that expensive GPS units can be used at dual the efficiency ( as merely one is needed per operator ) , and this saves clip and money. The Utah Department of Transportation found that one individual runing GPS equipment is by and large twice every bit fast as a conventional study crew, and a GPS system with two units is potentially four times faster than crews utilizing conventional surveying engineerings. Other advantages of GPS engineering include the ability to utilize the engineering across long distances with minimum apparatuss. After a GPS system is placed, rolling can be performed within a radius of 10 kilometres ( 6 stat mis ) of the stationary base unit. Using conventional engineerings, the base unit would hold to be moved every 183 metres ( 600 pess ) . In one survey, GPS equipment recorded 5,511 topographic points in 30 person-hours, while a similar undertaking utilizing conventional engineerings covered merely 1,500 topographic points in 120 person-hours. Utah, Michigan, and North Carolina are the lead States of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation OfficialsTechnology Implementation Group ( TIG ) enterprise to title-holder GPS for appraising applications. Plans include hands-on presentation workshops and preparation plans for bureaus that plan to use GPS to appraising attempts. The GPS TIG group besides is sing developing subjects tandards and protocols for GPS plans. No drawn-out local web constitution As OS Net is a web solution, all base Stationss are already established within the OS Net web. This avoids the fuss and disbursal of set uping local control for any surveying work. This makes usage of high-precision GPS more flexible and quicker and hence more cost effectual. Outline1 Puting it in Perspective2 Successful Applications: Research Indicates Improved3 Survey Accuracy and Reduced Costss4 What is GPS?5 How does it work? Puting it in Perspective It takes many yearss to study little subdivisions of route utilizing traditional techniques. Complete route stock lists may take old ages. Successful Applications: Research Indicates Improved Survey Accuracy and Reduced Costss Can work anyplace ( capable to GPS and rectification signal handiness ) An OS Net-enabled serviceis anational service covering most of Great Britain. This means that every bit long as you have a GPS signal and some agencies of having correctional informations, you can usethe serviceanywhere in Great Britain. This Solution: GPS Increases Survey Accuracy, Improves Productivity, and Reduces Costs Over the past 5 old ages, surveies across the United States have shown that GPS engineering increases the productiveness of conventional study crews, reduces informations aggregation clip, improves study truth, and allows crews to work under a wide scope of conditions conditions. Furthermore, less expertness is required to run a GPS appraising unit than is needed to run conventional surveying engineerings. What is GPS? GPS is a space-based, radio-navigation system that provides worldwide, all-weather, 3-dimensional place, speed, pilotage, and clip informations to both civilian and military users. Potential utilizations for GPS within the main road community are diverse and scope from supplying traveller information to function ( GPS engineering can be integrated easy with Geographic Information Systems ) . .u7b88cd4aff0d7b7ab5cf6429e1a39815 , .u7b88cd4aff0d7b7ab5cf6429e1a39815 .postImageUrl , .u7b88cd4aff0d7b7ab5cf6429e1a39815 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7b88cd4aff0d7b7ab5cf6429e1a39815 , .u7b88cd4aff0d7b7ab5cf6429e1a39815:hover , .u7b88cd4aff0d7b7ab5cf6429e1a39815:visited , .u7b88cd4aff0d7b7ab5cf6429e1a39815:active { border:0!important; } .u7b88cd4aff0d7b7ab5cf6429e1a39815 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7b88cd4aff0d7b7ab5cf6429e1a39815 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7b88cd4aff0d7b7ab5cf6429e1a39815:active , .u7b88cd4aff0d7b7ab5cf6429e1a39815:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7b88cd4aff0d7b7ab5cf6429e1a39815 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7b88cd4aff0d7b7ab5cf6429e1a39815 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7b88cd4aff0d7b7ab5cf6429e1a39815 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7b88cd4aff0d7b7ab5cf6429e1a39815 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7b88cd4aff0d7b7ab5cf6429e1a39815:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7b88cd4aff0d7b7ab5cf6429e1a39815 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7b88cd4aff0d7b7ab5cf6429e1a39815 .u7b88cd4aff0d7b7ab5cf6429e1a39815-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7b88cd4aff0d7b7ab5cf6429e1a39815:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Swot & Pest Analysis on Hotel Industry EssayHow does it work? GPS can supply a really accurate digital map of the main road substructure. The engineering operates on the rule of triangulation-if the difference from an perceiver to three known points can be measured, the place of the perceiver can be calculated. The system includes at least 24 orbiters in orbit 19,320 kilometres ( 12,000 stat mis ) above the Earth and inclined at 55 A ; deg ; . These satellites continuously broadcast their place, a timing signal, and other information. By uniting the measurings from four different orbiters, users with receiving systems can find their three-dimensional place, presently within 4-20 metres ( 13-66 pess ) . Allows great flexibleness in operations.

Managing Resources and Information

Introduction Basically, it is vital for an organization to not only manage its resources but also manage its information. For instance, management of resources is an element that is vital in human resource project management and estimation of resources. As Project Management Institute puts it, â€Å"resource management refers to organizational deployment of resources in a manner that is effective, especially when the corporate needs them,† (5).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Managing Resources and Information specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These HR resources encompass: information-technology; fiscal resources; hi-tech expertise; manufacturing resources and catalogue. Similarly, managing information correlates with Data Management practice. This is because the following are entailed in it: obtaining information; retrieving information; and maintaining information. Information management is simply the pro cess of collecting and managing information from its source and then distributing it to the preferred audiences (Mackenzie 7). Managing of information and/or resources is an essential aspect in employee recruitment process. This paper will elucidate the employee recruitment process. In doing so, it will look at the following: how the candidates can be found (i.e. through advertising, word-of-moth, staff rearrangement,); the outlay of employee recruitment, as well as how it can be demonstrated that unsurpassed-practices have been employed; and how the employment of staff will be handled (e.g. legislation, manual procedures, interview, etc.). Moreover, this paper will scrutinize the resources that are required to run the staff recruitment programme, whereby it will also look at the costs, demonstrate the best practices that have been employed and depict how these resources will be obtained. In view of the fact that the staff members will require job-description that fits with organiza tion’s staff and complies with the legislation, the paper will consider the following: discrimination; CRB clearance; safety; and health. Moreover, this paper will scrutinize the manner of evaluating the project. In so doing, it will examine the project merits/objectives and how it can be identified that these objectives/benefits have been fulfilled. Finally, the paper will look at the following: the policies that will be employed and how they will be selected or set-up; the criteria for Chester city; and elucidate how the operational assurance principles can be applied. The Process of Recruiting Staff The rudimentary steps that an organization ought to undertake while recruiting new employees during the employee recruitment process are depicted below:Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Preparation of a timetable A better way of doing this is for the organization to work backwards, that is, from the time it will need the new individual to begin working. As a matter of fact, it is imperative for the organization to go astray on the caution side and guarantee that the times that are being allocated are pragmatic. This is due to the fact that it is good to have much time other than little time in the planning process. The applicant’s pack should then be put together The following items are usually encompassed in the applicant’s pack: job description, which delineates the responsibilities and duties of the staff to be recruited; the individual specification, which depicts the technical know-how, qualities, and expertise that the applicant should possess; an application form; a monitoring form; and copies of information that is of relevance regarding the corporate or dates of interview. Carrying out internal preparation The organization ought to undertake a number of imperative tasks before it advertise the job. These tasks may encompass t he following: selecting the panel that will carry out the interview process as well as do the short-listing; it is of necessity to train that staff with regards to the process of recruiting new members of staff; ensuring that it is capable of dealing with application pack requests prior to sending information regarding the job to be advertised; ensuring that it has a system that will be employed to short-list candidates to be interviewed; and setting up a system, so as to minimize paperwork during the staff recruitment process Advertising the job The organization ought to consider advertising from the beginning because it involves major costs during staff recruitment process. This will assist the organization to balance-out the costs while putting in mind where, and how the post will be advertised. The organization can advertise in local newspapers, e.g. The Guardian, or in specialist press, such as the Asian Times. The following information ought to be encompassed in the advert: sp onsors; job details; the charity registration-number of the organization; how the application pack that encompasses email addresses and/or phone numbers will be hold; and fundamental information regarding the organization. Idyllically, the manner in which the job is advertised is imperative with regards to equal opportunities. Indeed, the organization should stick to practice basics that are good, like advertising in manifold places, so as to attract numerous applicants. Short-listing It is of necessity for the organization to employ a formal system while short-listing. Preferably, a corporate could employ a point scoring-system to analyze the interviewees against the decisive factor in the specification of the individual. Typically, there are two parts in the short-listing process.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Managing Resources and Information specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Firstly, the job-applications w ill be scrutinized by the panel, which will in turn provide a score. And in due course, the board will convene with the aim of comparing the scores, and then picking-up the successful claimants to attend the interview. The assessment of the panel ought to be honest. It is of necessity for the interviews to be carried out on a single day and therefore, this should be put in mind while picking-up the number of successful claimants to attend the interview. Interviews Fundamentally, it is of necessity for the scoring system to be employed by the organization during the interview. Moreover, comments should be noted down by the interviewees during the interview, which will be used by the board to decide the successful claimant after the interview. In a few circumstances, claimants can be issued with a competency-based test during the interview. The interview in itself ought to: introduce panel members and elucidate what will occur during the interview; give the candidate a chance of askin g queries to the panel; and explaining to the candidate what will take place following the interview, such as when the outcome of the interview will be communicated to them. Selection The scoring system can be used as abet to deciding the right person to be given the job. In some circumstances, it can result to undertaking a second interview. In actual fact, the organization ought to balance the reasoning for doing this against the extra costs of undertaking interviews of a second round. The moment someone is selected by an organization, he/she ought to be informed by the organization either verbally or non-verbally. This will be dependent on their adequate locations. In fact, the organization could encompass an appointment letter, organizational conditions and terms, a contract form to be signed by the successful candidates, and how the job will be handled, that is, in contract form, legislation, or manual procedures. Before they begin Prior to the new recruited staff starts workin g, the organization ought to ensure the following: that other staff members already know the successful candidate and the time he/she will be commencing; that an induction for the recruited staff has been arranged by the organization; that the training needs have also been considered by the organization; and that the organization ought to organize for the payment, tax, and nationwide insurance of the new staff member. Resources that are needed to run the Staff Recruitment Programme The organization ought to put in mind that the staff recruitment process is usually an expensive operation. The planning and selection process of the staffing is able to consume several resources and time and thereby, it ought not to be dealt with flippantly.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Nevertheless, these resources are able to offer a wide-ranging notion of the recruiting process, that is, from the preparation-stage to the post-selection stage. As Kitchell asserts, this will permit somebody to work throughout this recruitment process (15). Before recruiting a new employee, other than the staff, other resources that are required are the equipments and literature. Typically, these resources are gotten from the HR office. For instance, a staff member needs to understand the job description that best fits with organizational employee’s handbook and ought to comply with the legislation. To that effect, the staff member ought to consider the following: discrimination; CRB clearance; Safety; and Health. Idyllically, an imperative resource in the staff recruitment process is the usage of pre-meeting checklist, in which the following are carried out: the job description is reviewed and updated and the fundamental functions are listed; the job’s physical requi rements that are special as well as the conditions of working are listed; the required specialized skills for the job are list; the preferred specialized skills for the job are listed; and the search committee is decided. In addition, another imperative resource, which is of use during the employee recruitment process, is the staffing packet, together with other rudimentary equipments, like: the interview queries; the supplemental questionnaire; and the criterion for screening, which are made by the Employment-Representative. Principally, the tasks that are performed by an Employment-Representative encompass: describing the advertising strategies and the manner in which they are able to attract claimants; recommending supplemental questionnaire, as well as working examples encompassed in the application; and explicating staffing options (Chmelir 396). Ideally, the majority of organizational departments prefer adding supplemental questionnaires to the application packages of the corp orate. Applicants are asked by these kinds of questionnaires to answer fastidious queries with regards to their qualification, and thereby, making it easier for the board members to the select of those applications, especially to those qualifications that are not standard, or those ones that are dedicated. Supremely, general information will be given by those applying for the advertised job in the application materials, which do not accurately address the qualification concerns. Actually, questionnaire samples for manifold kinds of positions are normally kept in Human Resource files, so as to be used when necessary. However, an organization can come up with its own questionnaire, on the basis of its screening criteria, or it may follow the suggestions of the Employment Representative. Typically, the applications are screened (by the Employment-Representative), to guarantee that the forwarded claimants to the board are the ones qualified for the advertised job, encompassing any techn ological know-how that is specialized. Consequently, the entire job requests will be re-examined by the board members when requested. After the completion of the screening process, those claimants meeting those requests will be informed when to attend the interview (Berry 8). As a matter of fact, the criterion that is on the basis of the qualification as per the announcement of the job will be employed by the search committee in screening the applications. This criterion will be employed together with the screening method that is available. The committee members may decide going through manifold cuts/screenings as it so wishes, as well as employ various methods for various screening levels. For instance, while screening, the members of the committee may use a rank order to identify the topmost candidate (Hisle 713). Project Evaluation, aims, and Benefits Manifold methods can be used in project evaluation. These methods may encompass the following: financial ratio methods; vision; ca sh-flow analysis; score-index methods; arithmetical methods; check-lists analysis; matrix methods; decision and relevance trees; experienced based methods; table and multi-criteria methods; QFD; qualitative analysis; and quantitative analysis. These techniques of project evaluation have developed, so as Meet-up the requirements that are constantly changing. Idyllically, a number of these techniques of evaluating projects integrate both individual judgement and fiscal assessment. Recruiting new employees is regarded as a serious concern. This is due to the objectives/merits of undertaking such a task. The uppermost monthly expense for the majority of organizations are wage costs, but the monetary insinuations of recruiting a new staff member can be higher than expected (Lamb 3). Under employment, an employee is usually liable for holiday, maternity pay, or sickness. Likewise, the corporate is accountable for the health and/or safety of its employees. The main aim of recruiting new em ployees is the need for the organization to expand. Idyllically, the majority of organizations usually base on the assumption that their desire to expand will eventually translate into a desire for additional employees. It is imperative for an organization to regularly examine its corporate aims and check whether their staffs is adequate in the technical know-how and number, so as to assist the organization to attain their project aims. In most circumstances, recruitment is a response to the vacancy left by the exit of an existing worker. Recruiting new employees can be advantageous as it comes with recent hi-tech capability that is needed by the organization in attaining its objectives. This may either be due to its changed targets, or due to surfacing of novel systems/modus operandi that the corporate ought to be master, so as to be able to successfully compete. Nevertheless, the other aim of recruiting new employees is for the response by the organization to an escalated workload . This is usually the better option in cases whereby the situation is permanent. Finally, before recruiting new employees, the organization ought to consider how the staffing needs relates with the objectives/aims of the corporate. This is in view of the fact that the corporate might be instantaneously in need of additional support. To that effect, it is vital for the organization to plan ahead. Suppose it recruits a new employee, the organization will be eligible for a fresh subsidy that will be useful in assisting with the extra work. Therefore, these factors might be of use prior to corporate recruiting new employees: working hours per week; the work-period; and whether the employment is constant (Herrera 139). The policies that will be used in Recruiting Staff and how they will be Chosen In the Budget Verification Policy, for the positions to be advertised, the tassel and salary benefit ought to be availed on a basis that is permanent and for the whole monetary year. The adverti sement of the positions will only occur the moment the funding corroboration is completed. Also, the Recruiting Requisition Policy ought to be employed so as to commence the recruiting process. This is because it is an official document that identifies position vacancies. Supremely, the non-discrimination policy should be on the basis of providing all persons with an equal employment chance with no considerations to the following discriminative aspects: veteran status; ethnicity; marital status; colour; gender; nationwide origin; identification; or family relations to a worker in that organization. The Freelance Employment Policy will encompass working hours, which will be on the basis of the assignment and by use of own materials/workspace. In the Prohibited Position-Postings Policy, the recruiting agencies for the advertised positions will not be given any services by the career services office. Finally, the privacy policy will also be employed (Morton 12). The criteria Chester ci ty employs in recruiting staff will involve the following: pre-advertising, which is usually prior to the recruitment process; the search, which encompasses advertising; screening; interviewing; selection, which is carried out by the search committee; and post-selection, which involves giving feedback to the successful candidates. How the Operational Assurance Principles could be applied The Operational Assurance Principle could be applicable to not only the planning process but also the budgeting process. During the times of minimizing budgets, it is particularly imperative to place the process of decision making into the milieu on manifold staff support perceptions, so as to be capable of informing those who are responsible for making decisions to decide in the organizational direction (Blake 57). Conclusion The steps that are involved in the employee recruitment process include: timetable preparation; gathering the claimant’s pack; performing internal preparation; job adve rtisement; short-listing the claimants; interviewing the claimants; selecting the claimants; and post-selection. Nonetheless, the process of planning, selecting, and processing the recruitment process is capable of consuming a lot of resources and much time and thus, it is not supposed to be approached lightly. These resources are usually obtained from the HR office and they include the following: the staff; literature, pre-meeting checklist; recruitment packet; interview queries; supplemental questionnaire; and the screening criterion. Nevertheless, in order to evaluate a project, the methods/techniques that can be used are: pecuniary ratio method; hallucination; cash-flow scrutiny; score-indicator method; numerical method; check-lists scrutiny; matrix method; relevance/decision trees; knowledgeable based techniques; table/multi-criteria techniques; QFD; qualitative scrutiny; and quantitative scrutiny. Indeed, the main aim of recruiting new employees is the need for the organizatio n to expand. Besides, to recruit new workers can be of merit because it is associated with contemporary technological capability that a corporate requires in accomplishing its goals. In reality, the following policies may be useful in the recruitment of new employees: Budget Corroboration Policy; Employing Demand Policy; Non-discriminative Policy; Casual Employment Policy; Forbidden Location Postings Policy; and Seclusion Policy. Finally, the Operational Assurance Principle could be applicable to the budgeting and planning during the staff recruitment process. Works Cited Berry, John. â€Å"Addressing Diversity Crisis and Recruitment.† American Libraries 31.2 (2002): 6-8. Print. Blake, Wendy. Employment Guide for the Voluntary Sector. 3rd ed. Ranken Publishers, 2003. Print. Chmelir, Lynn. â€Å"Recruiting New Staff members.† Research and College Libraries News 63.5 (2003): 394-397. Print. Herrera, Luis. â€Å"Action Figures Needed.† Public Libraries 42.2 (2004): 138-141. Print. Hisle, Lee. â€Å"Issues Facing Libraries.† Research and College Libraries News 62.11 (2002): 712: 715. Print. Kitchell, Kenneth. Careers for Classicists. Philological Association of America, 1999. Lamb, Vicky. Employing Staff. 10 Jul. 2010. Web. Mackenzie, Kenneth. Organizational Structures. 4th ed. AHM Publishing Corporation, 1978. Print. Morton, Andrew. â€Å"Recruitment within Libraries.† Virginia Libraries 48.3 (2003): 9-13. Print. Project Management Institute. Project Management Guide. 3rd ed. Pennsylvania: Newtown Square, 2004. Print. This essay on Managing Resources and Information was written and submitted by user Brent Mccall to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.