Artificial Intelligence - Present and Future Uses - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2252 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/09/11 Category Information Systems Essay Topics: Artificial Intelligence Essay Did you like this example? Artificial Intelligence: Present and Future uses What is the definition of Artificial Intelligence? Lets’ break it down in to individual words to get an accurate definition. First, Artificial: made by human skill; produced by humans (https://dictionary. com). Second, Intelligence: capacity for learning, reasoning, understanding, and similar forms of mental activity; aptitude for grasping truths, relationships, facts, meanings, etc. (https://dictionary. com). Therefore, if we put the two words together we create a unique and complex definition. Artificial Intelligence is defined as: tools that exhibit human intelligence and behavior including self-learning robots, expert systems, voice recognition, natural and automated translation; Technology and learning portfolio. (1997, August) Retrieved August 30, 2010 from https://www. unesco. org/education/educprog/lwf/doc/portfolio/portindex. htm. Artificial Intelligence is being used presently, and will be used in the future in numerous exciting ways. Present day uses| Future uses| Military: *Weapons *Aircraft| Games: *Chess computer| Medicine: *Joystick surgery *Computer assisted surgery| Robots: *Medicine *Workforce| Education: *Educational tools| Integration: *Cybernetics *Reverse engineering| Table 0 Present day uses: Military The two primary uses of A. I. for the Military are in their weapons and aircraft. Stanford University won a two million dollar defense department grant for building an autonomous SUV named Stanley. This vehicle navigated a 131 mile off road race course, by itself, in six hours and fifty-three minutes. It eventually won the race against another autonomous vehicle. Its average land speed was 19. 1 mph, which is the average speed of a Military convoy. Another type of autonomous vehicle is called the sword. Basically, it’s a miniature tank with multiple automatic weapons and a grenade launcher attached. It can be controlled remotely, but its primary use is autonom ous missions. It can navigate through a war zone and take out ground troops from behind. The sword can also be sent into a hostile situation and cause a diversion, allowing the soldiers to quell the situation; Military applications. (n. d. ). Retrieved September 6, 2010, from https://www. aaai. org/AITopics/pmwiki/pmwiki. php/AITopics/Military. New military assault vehicles are being fitted with voice recognition software. This makes the communication between the on-board computer and the soldiers much faster. A soldier can speak a command into the computer while he/she is still driving, firing a weapon or tracking the enemy. The weapons are also voice command activated, so they can be fired while the soldier is conducting another duty. The main reason these vehicles are being made is to save soldiers lives, while protecting our country at the same time. This new technology will save lives, it will save even more lives as the technology grows; Military applications. (n. d. ). Retrieved September 6, 2010, from https://www. aaai. org/AITopics/pmwiki. php/AITopics/Military. Lastly, the F-35 Lightning Multi-role fighter from Lockheed Martin is the top of the line smart fighter jet. The F-35 is equipped with voice recognition software, making pilot to plane communications faster. The weapons are also voice activated, so the pilot can multi-task in an engagement. It is also equipped with an Automatic target recognition and classification system (ATRC), which is used to identify specific targets. The ATRC system is used in tandem with an Active electronically scanned array radar system (AESA). This system has a synthetic aperture radar mapping mode to provide the pilot with more precise search and targeting capabilities. Basically, the radar system maps the general area, and gives more accurate searches and targets faster; F-35 Lightning II Multi-role Fighter. (n. d. ). Retrieved September 6, 2010, from https://www. erospaceweb. org/aircraft/fighter/f35/. Pr esent day uses: Medicine The medical profession uses every advance they have access to, saving lives is their main objective. The da Vinci surgical system is a revolutionary new tool used to aid surgeons during surgery. This system uses four main components; the Surgeon Console, also called the Hermes control center, where the surgeon controls the surgery, the Patient Side cart makes the surgical contact with the patient, using robotic arms to hold and use the instruments while making the small incisions for the surgery. Next is the Endo Wrist Instruments, these instruments are used to simulate human surgical movements. Each instrument has its own function, from suturing to clamping. The Wrist instruments are held on with quick release levers for quick changes during the surgery. This instrument is used to control rotating, pivoting and the force applied from the robotic arms. Finally, the Insite Vision System with high resolution 3D endoscope and image processing capabilities. This system allows the surgeon to see inside the patient during the surgery, giving the surgeon an advantage over regular surgery. The Insite vision system sends clear, filtered and noise free real time video. The following chart shows the cost of the da Vinci surgical system compared to the competitor’s; Robotic surgery. (2005). Retrieved September 6, 2010, from https://biomed. brown. edu/Courses/BI108/BI108_2005_Groups/04/davinci. html. Market Information of the Robot Surgical Systems Equipment| Costs| Company Equipment Descriptions| Da Vinci Surgical System| $1 Million| Intuitive Surgical: Robot-assistant with arms to connect surgical instruments| Zeus Robot Surgical System| $975,000| Computer Motion: Robot-assistant with arms to connect surgical instruments| Aesop 3000| $80,000| Computer Motion: Voice-controlled endoscope-positioning robot| Hermes Control Center| Request price quota| Computer Motion: Centralized system used to network an intelligent OR| Socrates Robo tic Tele-collaboration System| Request price quota| Computer Motion: Allows shared control of Aesop 3000 from different locations| *Former Computer Motion systems that are now owned by Intuitive Surgical. Sources: Table 1 from Journal of Healthcare Management 46:4 July/August 2003 As you can see the initial cost is high, but the long term health and financial benefits for the patient and hospital are amazing. The following table will illustrate these facts. Estimate of Initial investment and cost savings per heart valve surgery for da Vinci Market price Maintenance/year Physician training| $1 million $100,000 $250,000| Cost of one inpatient hospital day| $2,000| Reduced inpatient hospital days for heart procedures| 4. 5 days| Cost saving per heart procedure due to reduced hospital stay| $9,000 per heart valve| Extra procedure cost| $2000 more per operation| Surgical assistance| $175,000 for fourth arm(compared to $80,610 per year for extra OR nurse)| Sources: Table 2 from Journal of Healthcare Management 46:4 July/August 2003 Salary Survey 2004. Nursing Management 35: 7 July 2004 Pages 28-32 American Heart Associations Scientific Sessions 2002 Present day uses: Education An abundance of people complain about the education system these days, most of them don’t like the way it works. There are two A. I. tutoring systems available now that can help the system work well. The SimBionic intelligent agent tool kit and the Task Tutor tool kit are the top of the line in A. I. assisted tutoring. The SimBionic tool kit allows the instructor to specify behaviors for simulated forces, without pre-programming. The behavior authoring tool allows the instructor to create an â€Å"entity† behavior using â€Å"drag and drop† interface to build the complex behaviors. After the behaviors are created, they can be re-used and modified for other scenarios. For example, an instructor creates a simulated battle scene where the primary group is being attac ked from three sides. The intelligent simulation automates the enemy, making the simulation more realistic, challenging and engaging; Stottler Henke Inc. , (2002), Simbionic tool kit. Retrieved August 9, 2010, from https://www. stottlerhenke. com/solutions/training/simbionic. htm. The second tutoring system is the Task Tutor tool kit. This system allows the instructor to produce procedure templates that specify the range of â€Å"actions† that are correct within each scenario. The system will also list the knowledge and skills demonstrated as the student completes the simulation. These templates are created by the instructor without programming, using a graphical interface to show the sequences of actions to the tutoring system. When the simulation is done, the tutor shows the student what principles they had correct or incorrect. It also gives explanations why they were wrong or right. Also, the tutor will answer â€Å"what do I do now† or why do I do that† u sing hints, allowing the student to solve the problem themselves. There are many subject areas this type of learning can be used for; Stottler Henke Inc. ,(2002), Task Tutor tool kit. Retrieved August,19,2010 from https://www. stottlerhenke. com/solutions/training/ttt. htm. The following graphic lists these subject areas: Future uses: Games In 1997 a computer named â€Å"Deep Blue† played and defeated the current world champion Garry Kasparov, taking the world championship from Mr. Kasparov for that year. Deep Blue is a computer that uses artificial intelligence to help make strategic decisions while playing chess. I know, this is not a future use, but the idea behind this computer has/is being expanded. Some current video games can predict what the player will do by analyzing how he/she has played in the past. Future computer games will be able to interact with the player, assisting with decision making and strategy; Waltz, D. (1996). Artificial Intelligence: Realizing th e ultimate promises of computing. Retrieved August 19, 2010 from https://www. cs. washington. edu/homes/lazowsk/era/ai. html. Future uses: Robots Noel Sharkey, a professor of AI and robotics, believes the way that artificial intelligence is growing we could see completely autonomous robots within 40 to 50 years. Also, that they could be conducting crash site surgeries, so the injured person wouldn’t die during the trip to the O. R. They could also do the smaller, faster, and less invasive surgeries, freeing up surgeons to do the more invasive and complicated ones; Lomas, N. (2010, March 4). Artificial Intelligence: How advanced will AI be in 2100? Retrieved August 19, 2010 from https://www. silicon. om/technology/software/2010/03/04/artificial-intelligence-how-advanced-will-ai-be-in-2100-39745432. Mr. Sharkey also believes robots could join the workforce in the future, having robotic receptionists in doctors, lawyers, and large corporate offices. Future uses: Integration K evin Warwick, a professor of cybernetics, believes that by the year 2050 intelligent machines/robots might be dominant. Or, humans will have â€Å"upgraded† themselves to â€Å"cyborgs†. If machines/robots are dominant by 2050, Mr. Warwick believes we will be living in a â€Å"terminator scenario†. If you haven’t seen the movies, humans would be living batteries to keep the machines charged up. But, he is more inclined to believe that humans will upgrade themselves with different forms of cybernetics. This means computer components will be integrated into the human body, enhancing they systems that the components are linked to; Lomas, N. (2010, March 4). Artificial Intelligence: How advanced will AI be in 2100? Retrieved August 19, 2010 from https://www. silicon. com/technology/software/2010/03/04/artificial-intelligence-how-advanced-will-ai-be-in-2100-39745432/. Ray Kurzweil, futurist, believes that by 2050 we will be past the Singularity, and we will have fully human-level AI. He also believes that we will have reverse engineered the human brain 20 years from now. He believes humans and intelligent technology will â€Å"merge† and create â€Å"hybrid† intelligence. The technological side of our merge will continue to grow intellectually,† expanding our brains capacity a billion fold by 2045†. By 2100, the expansion will be trillions of trillions fold and we will begin to expand beyond our solar system. How advanced will AI be in 2100? Retrieved August 19, 2010 from https://www. silicon. com/technology/software/2010/03/04/artificial-intelligence-how-advanced-will-ai-be-in-2100-39745432/. â€Å"The best way to predict the future is to invent it† – Alan Kay; Beekman, G. Beekman, B. (2009,p. 380, 397) Tomorrow’s technology and you (9th ed). New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. This statement is a, very general, way of summing up this paper. Everything I’ve spoken about in t he preceding pages started as a sparkle in the eye of a learned inventor or scientist. The only limit to the imagination of these people is the level of technology they had to begin at. In fact, most of these people were trying to advance current technology when they introduced their new ideas. Some of these ideas are just theories or, but these theories and ideas stimulate intelligent people into creating new, cutting edge technology. For this reason, artificial intelligence should be studied and researched. The present uses of A. I. re exciting, but the future of A. I. will yield many more astounding uses. â€Å"The Future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams† -Eleanor Roosevelt- References Beekman, G. Beekman, B. (2009, p. 380, 397). Tomorrow’s technology and you (9th ed. ). New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall Definition of Artificial. https://dictionary. com Definition of Intelligent. https://dictionary. com F-35 Lightning II multi-role fighter. (n. d. ). Retrieved September 6, 2010 from. https://www. aerospace. org/aircraft/fighter/f35/ Lomas, N. (2010, March 4). Artificial Intelligence: how advanced will AI be in 2100? Retrieved August 19, 2010 from https://www. silicon. om/technology/software/2010/03/04/artificial- intelligence-how-advanced-will-ai-be-in-2100-39745432/ Military applications. (n. d. ). Retrieved September 6, 2010 from https://www. aaai. org/AITopics/pmwiki. php/AITopics/Military Robotic Surgery. (2005). Retrieved September 6, 2010 from https://biomed. brown. edu/Courses/BI108_2005_Groups/04/davinci. html Roosevelt, E. (n. d. ). Direct quote. Message posted to Eleanor Roosevelt quotes, archived at https://thinkexist. com/quotation/the_future_belongs_to_those_who_believe_in_the/13262. html Stottler Henke Inc. , (2002), SimBionic tool kit. Retrieved August 19, 2010 from https://www. tottlerhenke. com/solutions/training/simbionic. htm Stottler Henke Inc. , (2002), Task Tutor tool kit. Retrieved August 19, 20 10 from https://stottlerhenke. com/solutions/training/ttt. htm Technology and learning portfolio. (1997, August). Retrieved August 30, 2010 from https://unesco. org/education/eduprog/lwf/doc/portfolio/portindex. htm Waltz, D. (1996). Artificial Intelligence: Realizing the ultimate promises of computing. Retrieved August 19, 2010 from https://www. cs. washington. edu/homes/lazowsk/era/ai. html [ 1 ]. Singularity: the point when machine intelligence outpaces that of humans Artificial Intelligence: Present and Future uses Bill DeJaynes Intro to computers Dr. Kanooni August 30, 2010 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦. 2 Artificial Intelligence: Present and future uses†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦ 2 Body†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 2-10 Table 0†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 2 Present day uses: Military†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3 Present day uses: Medicine†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Table 1†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦5 Table 2†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 6 Present day uses: Education†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦7 Learning subject areas graphic†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8 Future uses: Games†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦9 Future uses: Robots†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦9 Future uses: Integration†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦10 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 11 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦.. 12-13 Don’t waste time! 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Argumentative Essay On Space Habitability - 1189 Words

Seth Perkins Professor Erika Harnett ESS 102 AB 11 October 2017 Space Habitability The original space race may be far in the past, but the human drive to explore and discover has kept the concept of space travel and colonizing the rest of the universe a fascinating concept. Additionally, as climate change worsens on Earth and the human population continues to grow, the idea of moving out of Earth and beginning fresh becomes more and more appealing. However, Earth is the only planet known to sustain life, and whether life can be sustained elsewhere is a question that still needs to be answered. Space colonization presents a variety of new problems that need to be solved and dangers that need to be accounted for. Beyond the most obvious†¦show more content†¦Transporting this much cargo requires the development of new technologies, and potentially private sector contracting (â€Å"NASA’s Journey†). Transporting so much cargo, even if some is reusable across missions, isn’t Earth-independent. Long term, a different solut ion is necessary in order to sustain growing human populations separate from Earth. This requires being fully dependent on the sun and Martian resources for everything from food to fuel and building materials. This is challenging because most forms of life are unable to survive in a Mars-like environment without assistance. However, research at Cambridge has found that Mars contains the resources to sustain cyanobacteria, which could potentially make it possible to sustain other forms of life on Mars. Perhaps most importantly, cyanobacteria can perform photosynthesis, which makes oxygen production possible (Verseux et al., 2015). Verseux determined that sustaining a Mars crew for a year solely on Earth food would require the transportation of an extra 29 mt of supplies, which is extremely expensive. The symbiotic relationship between plants and cyanobacteria could be used to grow food, and cyanobacteria can be directly used as feed for fish, which could be an effective protein sourc e (Verseux et al., 2015). The inhabitants of Mars also need water, both for drinking and for sustaining the production of food and oxygen. Fortunately, as we discussed in lecture, Mars has large polar

Conventional surveying methods Essay Example For Students

Conventional surveying methods Essay Conventional surveying methods are clip devouring and dearly-won. They frequently requie multiple trips to the same country to do certain that the collected information is accurate. They can besides be delayed by bad conditions such as high air currents or torrential rain. By and large appraising with GPS requires a base receiving system and a wandering receiving system. Traditional usage of GPS for appraising requires two receiving systems ( one as a base station and one as a wanderer ) . OS Net-enabled services does non necessitate this, as information for corrections is fed straight to user s GPS device without the demand for a base station. This means that expensive GPS units can be used at dual the efficiency ( as merely one is needed per operator ) , and this saves clip and money. The Utah Department of Transportation found that one individual runing GPS equipment is by and large twice every bit fast as a conventional study crew, and a GPS system with two units is potentially four times faster than crews utilizing conventional surveying engineerings. Other advantages of GPS engineering include the ability to utilize the engineering across long distances with minimum apparatuss. After a GPS system is placed, rolling can be performed within a radius of 10 kilometres ( 6 stat mis ) of the stationary base unit. Using conventional engineerings, the base unit would hold to be moved every 183 metres ( 600 pess ) . In one survey, GPS equipment recorded 5,511 topographic points in 30 person-hours, while a similar undertaking utilizing conventional engineerings covered merely 1,500 topographic points in 120 person-hours. Utah, Michigan, and North Carolina are the lead States of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation OfficialsTechnology Implementation Group ( TIG ) enterprise to title-holder GPS for appraising applications. Plans include hands-on presentation workshops and preparation plans for bureaus that plan to use GPS to appraising attempts. The GPS TIG group besides is sing developing subjects tandards and protocols for GPS plans. No drawn-out local web constitution As OS Net is a web solution, all base Stationss are already established within the OS Net web. This avoids the fuss and disbursal of set uping local control for any surveying work. This makes usage of high-precision GPS more flexible and quicker and hence more cost effectual. Outline1 Puting it in Perspective2 Successful Applications: Research Indicates Improved3 Survey Accuracy and Reduced Costss4 What is GPS?5 How does it work? Puting it in Perspective It takes many yearss to study little subdivisions of route utilizing traditional techniques. Complete route stock lists may take old ages. Successful Applications: Research Indicates Improved Survey Accuracy and Reduced Costss Can work anyplace ( capable to GPS and rectification signal handiness ) An OS Net-enabled serviceis anational service covering most of Great Britain. This means that every bit long as you have a GPS signal and some agencies of having correctional informations, you can usethe serviceanywhere in Great Britain. This Solution: GPS Increases Survey Accuracy, Improves Productivity, and Reduces Costs Over the past 5 old ages, surveies across the United States have shown that GPS engineering increases the productiveness of conventional study crews, reduces informations aggregation clip, improves study truth, and allows crews to work under a wide scope of conditions conditions. Furthermore, less expertness is required to run a GPS appraising unit than is needed to run conventional surveying engineerings. What is GPS? GPS is a space-based, radio-navigation system that provides worldwide, all-weather, 3-dimensional place, speed, pilotage, and clip informations to both civilian and military users. Potential utilizations for GPS within the main road community are diverse and scope from supplying traveller information to function ( GPS engineering can be integrated easy with Geographic Information Systems ) . .u7b88cd4aff0d7b7ab5cf6429e1a39815 , .u7b88cd4aff0d7b7ab5cf6429e1a39815 .postImageUrl , .u7b88cd4aff0d7b7ab5cf6429e1a39815 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7b88cd4aff0d7b7ab5cf6429e1a39815 , .u7b88cd4aff0d7b7ab5cf6429e1a39815:hover , .u7b88cd4aff0d7b7ab5cf6429e1a39815:visited , .u7b88cd4aff0d7b7ab5cf6429e1a39815:active { border:0!important; } .u7b88cd4aff0d7b7ab5cf6429e1a39815 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7b88cd4aff0d7b7ab5cf6429e1a39815 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7b88cd4aff0d7b7ab5cf6429e1a39815:active , .u7b88cd4aff0d7b7ab5cf6429e1a39815:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7b88cd4aff0d7b7ab5cf6429e1a39815 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7b88cd4aff0d7b7ab5cf6429e1a39815 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7b88cd4aff0d7b7ab5cf6429e1a39815 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7b88cd4aff0d7b7ab5cf6429e1a39815 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7b88cd4aff0d7b7ab5cf6429e1a39815:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7b88cd4aff0d7b7ab5cf6429e1a39815 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7b88cd4aff0d7b7ab5cf6429e1a39815 .u7b88cd4aff0d7b7ab5cf6429e1a39815-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7b88cd4aff0d7b7ab5cf6429e1a39815:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Swot & Pest Analysis on Hotel Industry EssayHow does it work? GPS can supply a really accurate digital map of the main road substructure. The engineering operates on the rule of triangulation-if the difference from an perceiver to three known points can be measured, the place of the perceiver can be calculated. The system includes at least 24 orbiters in orbit 19,320 kilometres ( 12,000 stat mis ) above the Earth and inclined at 55 A ; deg ; . These satellites continuously broadcast their place, a timing signal, and other information. By uniting the measurings from four different orbiters, users with receiving systems can find their three-dimensional place, presently within 4-20 metres ( 13-66 pess ) . Allows great flexibleness in operations.

Managing Resources and Information

Introduction Basically, it is vital for an organization to not only manage its resources but also manage its information. For instance, management of resources is an element that is vital in human resource project management and estimation of resources. As Project Management Institute puts it, â€Å"resource management refers to organizational deployment of resources in a manner that is effective, especially when the corporate needs them,† (5).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Managing Resources and Information specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These HR resources encompass: information-technology; fiscal resources; hi-tech expertise; manufacturing resources and catalogue. Similarly, managing information correlates with Data Management practice. This is because the following are entailed in it: obtaining information; retrieving information; and maintaining information. Information management is simply the pro cess of collecting and managing information from its source and then distributing it to the preferred audiences (Mackenzie 7). Managing of information and/or resources is an essential aspect in employee recruitment process. This paper will elucidate the employee recruitment process. In doing so, it will look at the following: how the candidates can be found (i.e. through advertising, word-of-moth, staff rearrangement,); the outlay of employee recruitment, as well as how it can be demonstrated that unsurpassed-practices have been employed; and how the employment of staff will be handled (e.g. legislation, manual procedures, interview, etc.). Moreover, this paper will scrutinize the resources that are required to run the staff recruitment programme, whereby it will also look at the costs, demonstrate the best practices that have been employed and depict how these resources will be obtained. In view of the fact that the staff members will require job-description that fits with organiza tion’s staff and complies with the legislation, the paper will consider the following: discrimination; CRB clearance; safety; and health. Moreover, this paper will scrutinize the manner of evaluating the project. In so doing, it will examine the project merits/objectives and how it can be identified that these objectives/benefits have been fulfilled. Finally, the paper will look at the following: the policies that will be employed and how they will be selected or set-up; the criteria for Chester city; and elucidate how the operational assurance principles can be applied. The Process of Recruiting Staff The rudimentary steps that an organization ought to undertake while recruiting new employees during the employee recruitment process are depicted below:Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Preparation of a timetable A better way of doing this is for the organization to work backwards, that is, from the time it will need the new individual to begin working. As a matter of fact, it is imperative for the organization to go astray on the caution side and guarantee that the times that are being allocated are pragmatic. This is due to the fact that it is good to have much time other than little time in the planning process. The applicant’s pack should then be put together The following items are usually encompassed in the applicant’s pack: job description, which delineates the responsibilities and duties of the staff to be recruited; the individual specification, which depicts the technical know-how, qualities, and expertise that the applicant should possess; an application form; a monitoring form; and copies of information that is of relevance regarding the corporate or dates of interview. Carrying out internal preparation The organization ought to undertake a number of imperative tasks before it advertise the job. These tasks may encompass t he following: selecting the panel that will carry out the interview process as well as do the short-listing; it is of necessity to train that staff with regards to the process of recruiting new members of staff; ensuring that it is capable of dealing with application pack requests prior to sending information regarding the job to be advertised; ensuring that it has a system that will be employed to short-list candidates to be interviewed; and setting up a system, so as to minimize paperwork during the staff recruitment process Advertising the job The organization ought to consider advertising from the beginning because it involves major costs during staff recruitment process. This will assist the organization to balance-out the costs while putting in mind where, and how the post will be advertised. The organization can advertise in local newspapers, e.g. The Guardian, or in specialist press, such as the Asian Times. The following information ought to be encompassed in the advert: sp onsors; job details; the charity registration-number of the organization; how the application pack that encompasses email addresses and/or phone numbers will be hold; and fundamental information regarding the organization. Idyllically, the manner in which the job is advertised is imperative with regards to equal opportunities. Indeed, the organization should stick to practice basics that are good, like advertising in manifold places, so as to attract numerous applicants. Short-listing It is of necessity for the organization to employ a formal system while short-listing. Preferably, a corporate could employ a point scoring-system to analyze the interviewees against the decisive factor in the specification of the individual. Typically, there are two parts in the short-listing process.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Managing Resources and Information specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Firstly, the job-applications w ill be scrutinized by the panel, which will in turn provide a score. And in due course, the board will convene with the aim of comparing the scores, and then picking-up the successful claimants to attend the interview. The assessment of the panel ought to be honest. It is of necessity for the interviews to be carried out on a single day and therefore, this should be put in mind while picking-up the number of successful claimants to attend the interview. Interviews Fundamentally, it is of necessity for the scoring system to be employed by the organization during the interview. Moreover, comments should be noted down by the interviewees during the interview, which will be used by the board to decide the successful claimant after the interview. In a few circumstances, claimants can be issued with a competency-based test during the interview. The interview in itself ought to: introduce panel members and elucidate what will occur during the interview; give the candidate a chance of askin g queries to the panel; and explaining to the candidate what will take place following the interview, such as when the outcome of the interview will be communicated to them. Selection The scoring system can be used as abet to deciding the right person to be given the job. In some circumstances, it can result to undertaking a second interview. In actual fact, the organization ought to balance the reasoning for doing this against the extra costs of undertaking interviews of a second round. The moment someone is selected by an organization, he/she ought to be informed by the organization either verbally or non-verbally. This will be dependent on their adequate locations. In fact, the organization could encompass an appointment letter, organizational conditions and terms, a contract form to be signed by the successful candidates, and how the job will be handled, that is, in contract form, legislation, or manual procedures. Before they begin Prior to the new recruited staff starts workin g, the organization ought to ensure the following: that other staff members already know the successful candidate and the time he/she will be commencing; that an induction for the recruited staff has been arranged by the organization; that the training needs have also been considered by the organization; and that the organization ought to organize for the payment, tax, and nationwide insurance of the new staff member. Resources that are needed to run the Staff Recruitment Programme The organization ought to put in mind that the staff recruitment process is usually an expensive operation. The planning and selection process of the staffing is able to consume several resources and time and thereby, it ought not to be dealt with flippantly.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Nevertheless, these resources are able to offer a wide-ranging notion of the recruiting process, that is, from the preparation-stage to the post-selection stage. As Kitchell asserts, this will permit somebody to work throughout this recruitment process (15). Before recruiting a new employee, other than the staff, other resources that are required are the equipments and literature. Typically, these resources are gotten from the HR office. For instance, a staff member needs to understand the job description that best fits with organizational employee’s handbook and ought to comply with the legislation. To that effect, the staff member ought to consider the following: discrimination; CRB clearance; Safety; and Health. Idyllically, an imperative resource in the staff recruitment process is the usage of pre-meeting checklist, in which the following are carried out: the job description is reviewed and updated and the fundamental functions are listed; the job’s physical requi rements that are special as well as the conditions of working are listed; the required specialized skills for the job are list; the preferred specialized skills for the job are listed; and the search committee is decided. In addition, another imperative resource, which is of use during the employee recruitment process, is the staffing packet, together with other rudimentary equipments, like: the interview queries; the supplemental questionnaire; and the criterion for screening, which are made by the Employment-Representative. Principally, the tasks that are performed by an Employment-Representative encompass: describing the advertising strategies and the manner in which they are able to attract claimants; recommending supplemental questionnaire, as well as working examples encompassed in the application; and explicating staffing options (Chmelir 396). Ideally, the majority of organizational departments prefer adding supplemental questionnaires to the application packages of the corp orate. Applicants are asked by these kinds of questionnaires to answer fastidious queries with regards to their qualification, and thereby, making it easier for the board members to the select of those applications, especially to those qualifications that are not standard, or those ones that are dedicated. Supremely, general information will be given by those applying for the advertised job in the application materials, which do not accurately address the qualification concerns. Actually, questionnaire samples for manifold kinds of positions are normally kept in Human Resource files, so as to be used when necessary. However, an organization can come up with its own questionnaire, on the basis of its screening criteria, or it may follow the suggestions of the Employment Representative. Typically, the applications are screened (by the Employment-Representative), to guarantee that the forwarded claimants to the board are the ones qualified for the advertised job, encompassing any techn ological know-how that is specialized. Consequently, the entire job requests will be re-examined by the board members when requested. After the completion of the screening process, those claimants meeting those requests will be informed when to attend the interview (Berry 8). As a matter of fact, the criterion that is on the basis of the qualification as per the announcement of the job will be employed by the search committee in screening the applications. This criterion will be employed together with the screening method that is available. The committee members may decide going through manifold cuts/screenings as it so wishes, as well as employ various methods for various screening levels. For instance, while screening, the members of the committee may use a rank order to identify the topmost candidate (Hisle 713). Project Evaluation, aims, and Benefits Manifold methods can be used in project evaluation. These methods may encompass the following: financial ratio methods; vision; ca sh-flow analysis; score-index methods; arithmetical methods; check-lists analysis; matrix methods; decision and relevance trees; experienced based methods; table and multi-criteria methods; QFD; qualitative analysis; and quantitative analysis. These techniques of project evaluation have developed, so as Meet-up the requirements that are constantly changing. Idyllically, a number of these techniques of evaluating projects integrate both individual judgement and fiscal assessment. Recruiting new employees is regarded as a serious concern. This is due to the objectives/merits of undertaking such a task. The uppermost monthly expense for the majority of organizations are wage costs, but the monetary insinuations of recruiting a new staff member can be higher than expected (Lamb 3). Under employment, an employee is usually liable for holiday, maternity pay, or sickness. Likewise, the corporate is accountable for the health and/or safety of its employees. The main aim of recruiting new em ployees is the need for the organization to expand. Idyllically, the majority of organizations usually base on the assumption that their desire to expand will eventually translate into a desire for additional employees. It is imperative for an organization to regularly examine its corporate aims and check whether their staffs is adequate in the technical know-how and number, so as to assist the organization to attain their project aims. In most circumstances, recruitment is a response to the vacancy left by the exit of an existing worker. Recruiting new employees can be advantageous as it comes with recent hi-tech capability that is needed by the organization in attaining its objectives. This may either be due to its changed targets, or due to surfacing of novel systems/modus operandi that the corporate ought to be master, so as to be able to successfully compete. Nevertheless, the other aim of recruiting new employees is for the response by the organization to an escalated workload . This is usually the better option in cases whereby the situation is permanent. Finally, before recruiting new employees, the organization ought to consider how the staffing needs relates with the objectives/aims of the corporate. This is in view of the fact that the corporate might be instantaneously in need of additional support. To that effect, it is vital for the organization to plan ahead. Suppose it recruits a new employee, the organization will be eligible for a fresh subsidy that will be useful in assisting with the extra work. Therefore, these factors might be of use prior to corporate recruiting new employees: working hours per week; the work-period; and whether the employment is constant (Herrera 139). The policies that will be used in Recruiting Staff and how they will be Chosen In the Budget Verification Policy, for the positions to be advertised, the tassel and salary benefit ought to be availed on a basis that is permanent and for the whole monetary year. The adverti sement of the positions will only occur the moment the funding corroboration is completed. Also, the Recruiting Requisition Policy ought to be employed so as to commence the recruiting process. This is because it is an official document that identifies position vacancies. Supremely, the non-discrimination policy should be on the basis of providing all persons with an equal employment chance with no considerations to the following discriminative aspects: veteran status; ethnicity; marital status; colour; gender; nationwide origin; identification; or family relations to a worker in that organization. The Freelance Employment Policy will encompass working hours, which will be on the basis of the assignment and by use of own materials/workspace. In the Prohibited Position-Postings Policy, the recruiting agencies for the advertised positions will not be given any services by the career services office. Finally, the privacy policy will also be employed (Morton 12). The criteria Chester ci ty employs in recruiting staff will involve the following: pre-advertising, which is usually prior to the recruitment process; the search, which encompasses advertising; screening; interviewing; selection, which is carried out by the search committee; and post-selection, which involves giving feedback to the successful candidates. How the Operational Assurance Principles could be applied The Operational Assurance Principle could be applicable to not only the planning process but also the budgeting process. During the times of minimizing budgets, it is particularly imperative to place the process of decision making into the milieu on manifold staff support perceptions, so as to be capable of informing those who are responsible for making decisions to decide in the organizational direction (Blake 57). Conclusion The steps that are involved in the employee recruitment process include: timetable preparation; gathering the claimant’s pack; performing internal preparation; job adve rtisement; short-listing the claimants; interviewing the claimants; selecting the claimants; and post-selection. Nonetheless, the process of planning, selecting, and processing the recruitment process is capable of consuming a lot of resources and much time and thus, it is not supposed to be approached lightly. These resources are usually obtained from the HR office and they include the following: the staff; literature, pre-meeting checklist; recruitment packet; interview queries; supplemental questionnaire; and the screening criterion. Nevertheless, in order to evaluate a project, the methods/techniques that can be used are: pecuniary ratio method; hallucination; cash-flow scrutiny; score-indicator method; numerical method; check-lists scrutiny; matrix method; relevance/decision trees; knowledgeable based techniques; table/multi-criteria techniques; QFD; qualitative scrutiny; and quantitative scrutiny. Indeed, the main aim of recruiting new employees is the need for the organizatio n to expand. Besides, to recruit new workers can be of merit because it is associated with contemporary technological capability that a corporate requires in accomplishing its goals. In reality, the following policies may be useful in the recruitment of new employees: Budget Corroboration Policy; Employing Demand Policy; Non-discriminative Policy; Casual Employment Policy; Forbidden Location Postings Policy; and Seclusion Policy. Finally, the Operational Assurance Principle could be applicable to the budgeting and planning during the staff recruitment process. Works Cited Berry, John. â€Å"Addressing Diversity Crisis and Recruitment.† American Libraries 31.2 (2002): 6-8. Print. Blake, Wendy. Employment Guide for the Voluntary Sector. 3rd ed. Ranken Publishers, 2003. Print. Chmelir, Lynn. â€Å"Recruiting New Staff members.† Research and College Libraries News 63.5 (2003): 394-397. Print. Herrera, Luis. â€Å"Action Figures Needed.† Public Libraries 42.2 (2004): 138-141. Print. Hisle, Lee. â€Å"Issues Facing Libraries.† Research and College Libraries News 62.11 (2002): 712: 715. Print. Kitchell, Kenneth. Careers for Classicists. Philological Association of America, 1999. Lamb, Vicky. Employing Staff. 10 Jul. 2010. Web. Mackenzie, Kenneth. Organizational Structures. 4th ed. AHM Publishing Corporation, 1978. Print. Morton, Andrew. â€Å"Recruitment within Libraries.† Virginia Libraries 48.3 (2003): 9-13. Print. Project Management Institute. Project Management Guide. 3rd ed. Pennsylvania: Newtown Square, 2004. Print. This essay on Managing Resources and Information was written and submitted by user Brent Mccall to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

slaughterhouse 5 essays

slaughterhouse 5 essays Kurt Vonnegut attempted to write an anti-war novel after his old war buddy, Bernard O Hares wife, Mary, clearly expressed how disgusted she was with war novels because they glorified something that she thought of as repulsive. Vonnegut undoubtedly has written Slaughterhouse Five as an anti-war novel. He uses the books plot structure, time, and irony to convey a message of antipathy towards war in general and especially to World War Two, in which he fought. Slaughterhouse Five arbitrarily switches from childhood to adulthood. This shows how Billy Pilgrim was incapable of living his life like a normal person. His time in war has scarred him psychologically for the rest of his life. The reader gets tired of being unable to comprehend what is going on, and is forced to imagine what is happening to Billy. Most novels start with childhood and logically proceed to old age, with a few flashbacks. But, in this novel, the protagonist adopts the outlook on life, which aliens who supposedly kidnapped him have. This is the only way he can figure out the unfastened grasp he has on time. This is a result of the war. A bug trapped in amber is used continuously throughout the book as a representation of how all time is trapped in moments that one can revisit these memories anytime he pleases. Vonnegut tries to explain that life is an endless cycle of beginning and endings. So why do human beings always dote on the bad things such as death, divorce, and war? Every time someone dies, another person is born. Every time two people get divorced, two more people are stating their vows to each other. Every time there war, a period of peace and prosperity follows. Whenever Billy Pilgrim is faced with a bad situation in the story, he travels in time, basically ignoring the present situation. This way he lives in the past and the future, in other words, a state of denial. Vonnegut offered a s ...

Stoichiometry Lab Essays

Stoichiometry Lab Essays Stoichiometry Lab Essay Stoichiometry Lab Essay Stoichiometry February 28th, 2013 Abstract: The reactions of the Sodium Hydroxide and two acids, Hydrochloric Acid and Sulfuric Acid were performed. The heat given off by these two reactions was used to determine the stoichiometric ratio and the limiting reactants in each experiment. Introduction: Coefficients in a balanced equations show how many moles of each reactant is needed to react with each other and how many moles of each product that will be formed. Stoichiometry allows us to calculate the amount of reactants needed and also the amount of product. The major basis of stoichiometry is formed by the law of definite proportions, which states that a chemical compound always contains the exact proportion of elements by mass. This is also the heart of balancing chemical equations. The coefficients of a balanced equation can also be thought of as the ratios in which the reactants combine. In the chemical equation A+ B> AB the coefficients tell us that for every one mole of reactant â€Å"A† one moles of reactant â€Å"B† are needed and used to produce the product â€Å"AB†. If two moles of â€Å"A† was present and only one mole of â€Å"B† the excess mole of â€Å"A† would have nothing to react with. In this reaction â€Å"B† would be the limiting reactant. The reaction is limited due to â€Å"B† because once â€Å"B† is all used up, the reaction will stop, and there would be an excess of unused â€Å"A†. The progress of a reaction can be measured by the heat energy that is given off. Exothermic reactions give off heat and therefore an increase in temperature also occurs. The reaction between an acid and a base is also known as neutralization, and is usually an exothermic reaction. When reactants are combined at stoichiometric ratios the reaction is able to be completed and would exert the most heat energy. The purpose of this lab was to carry out the reaction between a basic solution of Sodium Hydroxide with Hydrochloric acid, and also the reaction of Sodium Hydroxide with Sulfuric Acid to determine the limiting reactant and the stoichiometric ratio of each experiment. Procedure: Reaction Between HCL and NaOH Diluted Solutions of HCL and NaOH were prepared. 120 ml of 3M stock of HCl and NaOH were measured with a graduated cylinder and placed into two 250 ml beakers. Two 400ml beakers were filled with 240 ml of water measured by graduated cylinder. The 120ml of HCl was added to one of the beakers containing water and the 120 NaOH to the other, both being added slowly while stirring the solution vigourously. Label the beakers HCl and NaOH. Keep the beakers covered with a watch glass when not in use. Measure and record the temperature of the NaOH solution using the PASCO Explorer temperature probe. Make sure to rinse off and dry the probe after every use. Obtain a coffee cup calorimeter and lid to house the reactions. Measure the appropriate amount HCl (see chart A) pour it in the calorimeter and determine its temperature using the temperature probe. Record the temperature. Measure the corresponding amount of NaOH (see chart A) and add it to the calorimeter all at once. Put the lid back on the calorimeter and stir it carefully with the probe. Record the highest temperature reached as the reaction occurs. Rinse the cup with deionized water and dry. Repeat experiment for each of the amounts of chart A. chart A) Amount of each reactant l 1. 0 M Acid| 55. 0| 50. 0| 45. 0| 40. 0| 35. 0| 30. 0| 25. 0| 20. 0| 15. 0| 10. 0| 5. 0| ml 1. 0 M NaOH| 5. 0| 10. 0| 15. 0| 20. 0| 25. 0| 30. 0| 35. 0| 40. 0| 45. 0| 50. 0| 55. 0| *Use 100 ml graduated cylinder for measuring volumes 30 to 55 ml, 25 ml graduated cylinder for volumes 15ml through 25 ml, and 10 ml graduated cylinder for volumes 5ml and 10 ml Reaction Between H? SO? and NaOH Use the procedure from the Reaction Between HCL and NaOH only substitute the HC l with H? SO? , and the same amounts listed in chart A.

Ethics study of Nanotechnology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethics study of Nanotechnology - Essay Example This is because nanoparticles injected in the blood vessels might end up attacking cells leading to new maladies, hence worsening the ailing person’s condition. The other ethical issue, which I think nanotechnology will bring about, is the safety and elimination of nanoparticles once deposited in the environment such that they will not seep into other essential resources like water mostly used by living organisms. This is especially in the third world states whereby after purchasing nanotechnology products like cosmetics may end up depositing them inappropriately, hence becoming health hazards to people residing near dumpsites. In addition, there is an emerging concern regarding the increase of numerous corporations, which will result to utilizing nanotechnology knowhow in the future; whether they will apply it as necessitated and with consideration of consumer’s health. First pitfall which renders the use of nanotechnology being a challenge encompasses its characteristic phenomenon of varied materials behaving differently besides their respective dimensions shrinking while in use (Fleddermann). Hence, entailing those intending to use them ascertain exactly how a given material would behave before resulting to incorporating it into a certain area of application. This is because they may end up being more of disadvantage to human than how experts initially were anticipating to be beneficial compared to other materials. Another pitfall that may arise in the absence of meticulous testing or research encompasses certain materials’ surfaces being extremely reactive, whereas their bulky forms being inert during application. Hence, being a challenge during fabrication process due to this anomaly, which is also evident when using nanopowder obtained from reactive materials (Fleddermann). This is because nanopowder is more reactive than the parent

Financial statements of a company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Financial statements of a company - Essay Example Center of discussion in this paper is Stewardship as the ethical responsibility of the managers to effectively and honestly manage the resources of the firm. Managers therefore are considered as stewards of the firm however, managers are also considered as self-interested individuals who can pursue their own objectives too. Such tendency of the managers therefore requires that the shareholders must use company financial statements to ensure that the managers are performing their stewardship duty. Through techniques such as financial ratio analysis, shareholders can actually look into the overall performance of the managers and decide whether such performance is actually according to the ability of managers. If assessed performance is considered as below-par it may be concluded that the managers may not be fulfilling their responsibility. Agency Theory outlines that there may be conflict of interest between the shareholders and managers of the firm. The basic objective of managers is to ensure that they act in a manner which always results into an increase in the value for shareholders. This therefore requires that the managers must actively pursue the objective of maximizing shareholders wealth. This objective however, may be jeopardized as the managers may take actions which only result into their own benefits and may not entirely result into creation of value for the shareholders. For example, managers may make decisions to increase their compensation or earnings regardless of the fact that such actions may damage the overall shareholder interest in short or long run. Such conflict of interest therefore outlines that the managers must have been kept on watch in order to ensure that their actions do not result into losses for shareholders. It is because of this reason that the theories of corporate governance have been forwarded to design a framework which can ensure that the managers must act in a certain manner. This is for ensuring that the overall interest s of the shareholders are protected while at the same time ensuring that the managers get substantial authority to pursue such objectives. (Cane, 2008) An opposite to Agency theory is the theory of stewardship which requires the shareholders to basically to assume the roles of managers. Through active participation of shareholders, it may be possible to have an effective check over the actions of managers. Managerial Stewardship Stewardship as a concept has some ethical considerations because it embodies the ethical responsibilities of the management to responsibly plan and manage the resources of the firm. From accounting and finance perspectives, managers therefore are considered as the custodians of the firm’s resources and it is their professional and ethical responsibility to ensure that they plan and manage resources in the best of the interest of the organization and hence its shareholders. It has been however, outlined that the overall research on understanding the st ewardship and the role of mangers have been limited. It is also because of this reason that the accounting standard setters face dearth of information which can further strengthen the stewardship ability of the managers. Stewardship theory therefore outlines that the managers are stewards rather than rational individuals having their own self

English Language Article Comparison Essay Example for Free

English Language Article Comparison Essay In this piece of work I will be comparing two articles from newspapers. Both the articles are about the same story and were printed on the same day (Tuesday October 13th 1998), however they are from two different newspapers. One of them is from The Sun and the other from The Telegraph, the main difference between these two papers is that The Sun is a tabloid and The Telegraph is a broadsheet. Throughout this piece of work I will try to examine the difference in their attitudes towards writing news due to this variation in category of newspaper. The article concerns dogs that were at a police dog training unit, the instructor allegedly forced a handler to kick and hang the dogs, one of the dogs involved died. The first and most distinctive thing you realise about these two stories is the difference in headlines. Firstly in The Telegraph the height of the letters involved is only approximately 1cm where as in The Sun it is 2. 6cm. This clearly shows that The Sun wants to make a larger impact and draw your attention to that particular story. Other points about the headlines that back this up are the style of writing. In The Telegraph the headline has been written in serif, this means that the editor has decided to use a font which includes small decorative lines at the ends of letters, however The Suns headline is in sans serif and so doesnt have these lines. This makes the letters much more sharp, and right-angled this gives a hard feel to the words and helps attract readers. Another way the editor has used the headline to attract the reader in The Sun is by using block capitals, this instantly makes the letters bigger, stand out and coupled with the words being in bold black and sans serif gives a real shock effect. A similarity between these two headlines though is that they both use quotes, this makes it sound and feel more real to a reader because it says exactly what actual people said and after having read the subheadline, probably what they said in court. However, I personally feel that the main difference is the actual words that have been used. The Suns headline is much more emotive, it uses words such as cruel, kick and death. These words will instantly capture people and conjure up images that will stir their imagination and make them want to read on. Not only this but the headline also reads kick his own dog to death, this makes it seem even worse because it wasnt a dog belonging to the police but his own family pet. It makes the whole thing seem even more cruel and will once again make people more interested in the story, especially for people who have pet dogs. However, The Telegraph is much more informative and factual, it makes a statement about what happened without going into detail about the emotions of it. It says; Police told to kick and punch dogs, although it does uses words such as kick and punch it uses them in a way to inform what the police had been told to do and doesnt go into detail about what the trainer was like. I also feel an interesting thing to also look at is the use of made and told in these two headlines. When The Sun says made cop kick his own god to death it uses made to incriminate the trainers, it makes it sound like the policemen didnt have a choice and that the whole incident was the trainers fault. Whereas The Telegraph uses told, this is much more informative and is simply saying what happened, there is no emotional influence in the way The Telegraph have written this headline. The subheadlines are also quite interesting, firstly their placing, The Telegraph has decided to place the subheadline before the main headline and in The Sun it has been placed after the headline. This may have been done for a number of reasons. In The Telegraph the subheadline reads; German Shepard died after punishment, court told this subheadline has probably been used to give the reader a bit more information about the story before they read on like the type of dog involved and the fact that the dog died. In The Sun they have decided to put the information that the dog died in their headline and the fact it was a German Shepard isnt mentioned in The Sun at all. On to The Suns subheadline and it simply reads Jury told of punishment this has been put after the headline to inform the reader of where the quote of the headline came from. As well as this in The Sun not only does it have a subheadline after the headline, it also has other subheadlines throughout the story to introduce new parts of the article and to split it into three parts; the extra subheadlines are Warned and Shaking. These words are actually used in the section of the article they introduce so that the reader will want to continue. You notice these words and they stand out because they are very expressive and they give you information about what is going to happen in the article even if you dont read on. I also feel that The Sun has used these particular words to good use, if you didnt have time to read the whole article and only read the headline and these subheadlines you would leave with a very strong feeling of hatred towards the trainers. Not only with words like made which I have already explained, but when it is followed by a subheadline of warned it makes you feel as though the police were threatened by the trainers and were warned by them to do nothing wrong. I personally feel that The Telegraph has a more hard-hitting headline for a particular reason. The Sun has made its main headline strike out of the page and really make you read on, this means they have put a simple subheadline so as not to overshadow the headline. Whereas The Telegraph has done it the other way around, their headline is not so hard-hitting so the editor has decided to include an emotive subheadline to aid the reader in being interested in the story and to red on. After having seen the headlines and been attracted to the story you begin to read the main text. Straight away in the hook paragraph you can see differences in the papers attitudes. Firstly, and most obviously the fact that in The Sun the first paragraph has been written in bold, and simply written normally in The Telegraph. Once again it seems that The Sun has been much more emotive in its approach. Words such as forced and kicked it are used, not only this but the word DIED is written in block capitals, this is to emphasise the word and everything it means and the horror of what happened to the dogs. Words used in The Telegraph are very interesting. The first line explains that the dogs were chastised, it is interesting they should use this word because although it is hard hitting it probably doesnt have the same effect on you as kicking (which is in The Sun). However The Telegraph does say that dogs were hung helplessly from a wall by their leads this is then followed by a court was told yesterday it is as though The Telegraph wants to remain on the fence by simply stating what was said but at the same time drumming up emotion in the reader and making them read on, all in all The Sun is more opinionated and The Telegraph is trying as best it can to stay factual. A similarity between the two stories is the use of quotation. Both articles have many quotes from the police officers and trainers in question and almost all of the quotes were said in court. This could well be because on the day these two articles were published the case was still in court and they had little else to go on than this. Also the writer of the article in The Sun has done something slightly unusual in that he has decided to put some paragraphs into italics. This is almost certainly to draw the readers attention to that part of the story and make them read and think about it a different way. There are three paragraphs throughout the article that are in italics and out of these two of them focus on the cruelty to the animals, they go into detail about the way in which this happened and how the dogs reacted to it. The third paragraph describes how two of the handlers left in protest to what was going on before the dog died. Both these points are quite significant to the overall story and you can see why the writer may well have wanted the reader to be more aware of these facts that perhaps other points. Another point that I have found very interesting is sentence type used in both articles. It is normal for newspapers to use a lot of declarative sentences, these help the reporter to get across to the reader all the important information quickly and easily. An example from The Sun would be; PC James English told the court his dog Tazz had been hanged for growling and The Telegraph; Trainers at the police dog unit, based at Sandon, Chelmsford, Essex. However, differences occur between the newspapers when you look at the use of complex sentences, these are more rarely used in papers as they are longer and are not so dramatic. However, as you would except it is The Telegraph that has used a couple but The Sun has used a lot fewer. As I have already described, The Telegraph is a more up-market paper and is aimed towards a sector of society who appreciate this sort of writing whereas The Sun is not. In fact a complex sentence has been used in The Telegraph to say the same as my last quotation of a declarative sentence from The Sun; PC James English said his dog, Tazz was twice subjected to the hanging method after he had growled during training.

The Yokes on Them :: Narrative Memoir Essays

The Yokes on Them    A great man once said nothing beats green eggs and ham. That man was Sam I am. There are many things you can do with eggs: turn them green, hide them, or even throw them! It all started on a warm fall day. I woke up saying to myself, "What a lovely day to be alive!" Well†¦ not exactly, but I was feeling pretty good. I crawled out of bed and walked excitedly toward the living room. I then jumped on the couch and turned on Sports Center. I feel that every guy needs to recap on what happened in the sports world the previous day. As I watched Sports Center, the phone rings. At this point I'm not too happy because I have to get up from my daily ritual, and answer the phone. "Hello†¦," I answered. "Hey man!" Cole Davis said. "What's goin on?" I responded. I continued to talk to my good friend, Cole, on the phone. I told him that sports Center was almost over, and he should come up and we would figure out something to do. I laid back down on the couch and began to waiting for him. About 20 minutes later Cole showed up at my house with a huge smile on his face. We both sit down and start watching a little BET. All of sudden he turned to me and said, "I have an idea!" Sounding interested, I said, "What's that?" "Tonight, we'll egg the cops." I laughed hard and decided to go along with his plan. We decided that this would go down later that night, and we would call Tyler and Shaklee to see if they wanted to join us. It was now about 11 o' clock a.m., and we had about 12 hours to kill before we took out plan into action. We decided to do stuff that normal kids would do to pass the time. We played a little basketball, had an apple throwing contest and pretty much just "shot the bull." While we passed the time, we decided to call Tyler. " Hey man," I said. Tyler answers, " What's crack'n?" I responded, "Not too much. Cole D. and I were wondering if you wanted to join us on a little escapade this evening?" "Why the hell not?" Carver shouted. "Alright, meet us at City Market at 10 p.m. sharp, and tell Shaklee the same." "Peace!" Tyler said. Well 10 o' clock rolled around and we all met at City Market.

Introduction to the Rajputs Essay

A Rajput is a member of one of the landowning patrilineal clans of central and northern India. Rajputs consider themselves descendants of one of the major ruling warrior groups of the Hindu Kshatriya varna ( social order ) in the Indian subcontinent, particularly North India. The Rajputs rose to prominence during the 6th to 12th centuries, and until the 20th century Rajputs ruled in the â€Å"overwhelming majority† of the princely states of Rajasthan and Saurashtra, where the largest number of princely states were found. They are divided into three major lineages. The Rajput empire spread in many countries: Afghanistan, Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, India, Southeast Asia and some parts of Tibet. The four Agnivanshi clans namely the Pariharas (Pratihara), Solankis (Chalukya dynasty) Paramaras and Chahamanas rose to prominence first, establishing territories and creating kingdoms. The Rajputs were mainly feudal lords under the over-lordship of the rulers belonging to Pratiharas à ¢â‚¬â€œ a dynasty that ruled until the 10th century. Gradually, they attained the status of independent rulers. Their dominion spread over most parts of north India. In the north-west region known as Rajputana, which comprises the present day Rajasthan and parts of Pakistan. The Rajput community comprised of the Chauhans of East Punjab, Northern Rajasthan and Delhi, the Rathores of Uttar Pradesh, the Paramaras of Central India and the Tomars of Gwalior and later, Delhi. Of these the Chauhans and the Rathores were dominant clans. The Rajput though brave and chivalrous often succumbed to inter-clan rivalries, which proved advantageous for the Muslim rulers during the medieval period. The Rajputs being a dominant Hindu clan offered heavy resistance to the Muslim rulers who spread their rule over India during the medieval period. The Rajput princes maintained their own independent princely kingdoms. Some of the brave Rajput rulers who have been made their names eternal in Indian history are Prithviraj Chauhan, Rana Kumbha, Rana Sangram Singh, Rana Udai Singh and Maharana Pratap. Prithviraj Chauhan proved to be the last Rajput ruler of Delhi. The Chauhans, led by Govinda, grandson of Prithviraj, later established a small state centered around Rathambore in present-day Rajasthan. The Rajput lifestyle was designed to foster a martial spirit, with men even forging a bond with their sword. The double-edged scimitar known as the khanda was a popular weapon among the Rajputs of that era. On special occasions, primary chief would break up a meeting of his vassal chiefs with khanda nariyal, the distribution of daggers and coconuts. Many Rajputs are nostalgic about their past and keenly conscious of their genealogy, emphasizing a Rajput ethos that is martial in spirit, with a fierce pride in lineage and tradition. The Rajput rulers had a keen sense of beauty in art and architecture which is seen in the artistic excellence of their temples, forts and palaces. The Indo-Aryan style of architecture developed in North India and Upper Deccan and the Dravidian style in South India during the Rajput period. Both sculpture and architecture attained a high degree of excellence. e.g. The Rathas of Mahabalipuram or Mammallapuram, the Kailash temple at Ellora and the sculpture of Elephanta belonging to the early Rajput period ( 600 Ad to 900 AD ) The temple architecture of Orissa, Khajuraho, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and the Pallava, Chola and Hoysala temples in the South belong to the later Rajput period. ( 900 AD to 1200 AD )

6 Drivers in Relationship Selling of the Coca-Cola Company

Study the critical 1. Introduction Accompanying with the increasing of global economy, the enterprise has created many new opportunities in the new economic situation. Market is developing and changing rapidly. As the competition increases, products and services become more indistinguishable, and markets become established, it is becoming increasingly tougher for companies in retailing industries to distinguish themselves from other stores. Simply offering customers with technical solutions to problems do not be sufficient anymore to be competitive and obtain and retain market share (Omar et. l 2009). As the expansion of the new product’s brand, the new form of marketing is emerging. Customer’s standard of demands to the products and service also increase to higher levels. The traditional strategy of selling and sales management of many companies faces increasing challenge to meet the high demand customers, therefore, cannot continue the success. The Coca-Cola Company, although with a long history company, can still occupy the first position in the soft drink companies around the world. Coca-cola has 125 years long term history. This is an iconic brand and the company that bears its name.From humble beginnings 125 years ago, the Company has evolved from one product of Coca-Cola to more than 500 brands in 2011. They have grown from selling a modest 9 drinks a day in 1886 to 1. 7 billion a day. And the brand has expanded from one city in one country to availability in more than 200 countries around the world. With the above fascinating phenomenon, the questions emerged: how can the company achieve and keep so huge success and what is the selling and sales management that Coca-Cola Company applied to support such kind of success?To answer these questions, in this essay, we are going to explore the six critical drivers of the selling and sales management that the company adopt to achieve the success. The drivers are shown as follows and will be descri bed orderly and specifically. (1) building long-term relationships with customers; (2) creating sales organizational forms that are more nimble and adaptable to the needs of direct customer groups; (3) gaining greater job ownership and commitment from salespeople by removing functional barriers within the organization and leveraging the team experience; (4) shifting sales management style from ommanding to coaching; (5) leveraging available technology for sales success; and (6) better-integrating salesperson performance evaluation to incorporate the full range of activities and outcomes relevant within sales jobs today. 2. Content 2. 1 Building long-term relationships with customers Building long-term relationship with customer plays a very important role in marketing. It includes assessing customer value and focusing on high-priority customers, it bring customers and their brands closer together and give customers a direct engagement with the company, it helps company going more an d more better in long-term future[1].The company’s long-term success requires a good relationship between company and their customers. As competition deepens, companies are putting customer relationship as important position, most of them are already seeing the benefits; they’re attracting and harvesting customers and generating profit. Coca Cola, no matter how it seems as a stereotype is an amazing example of creating people’s emotional connection with brand. How does coca-cola company lock in long-term relationships that benefit both salesperson and customer? The section discussed detailed.Achieving brand reinvention considered The success of Coca-Cola is much attributed to its branding. Since 1866, the companied applied all kinds of strategies to advertise the brand. After achieving impressive brand loyalty by the constant reinvention of the brand and focus on improving the brand, Coca-Cola is no doubt one of the most famous soft drinks in the world [2]. Focu s on consumer sophistication The Coca-Cola’s brand strategy requires focus on changing market conditions and realities of consumer sophistication to reshape the brand.In the early years, the company hoped the brand available, affordable and acceptable to build that is instantly recognizable and popular in the minds of customer. Over the years, it reinforced their strategies to accommodate the new demand of consumers, focused Coca-Cola on building the brand identity by providing a value for the price differentiation in order to meet preferences of consumers and ubiquitous penetration. Nowadays, Coca-Cola grows to a company with strong brand identity and brand image among testing at least 20 brands n a monthly basis with a sample of 4000 consumers. Evaluation of consumer response Also, the company insistently evaluates the response of consumers to its brands in order to assess the perception of customer and the thoughts of consumers towards their products. Consumers relate to b rands with specific symbols and promises to be fulfilled. Reaching a strategic consensus Another important factor of branding strategies for Coca-Cola is that strong brands make great sales and increase revenues.However, Coca-Cola further the strategy by building a brand that has the sales by attracting and retaining the best long term human capital and investment in labor relations and customer relationship management to increase taken. This has to reach the company not only to a strategic consensus and alignment at all organizational levels, but also allows trigger positive feelings in the minds of consumers. Brand loyalty building The strong brand image is closed related to brand loyalty. The more the demand of customers’ are satisfied, the more consumers accept the brand.It also means the image of Coca-Cola, which is stimulated by advertising campaigns and strategies for effective marketing. And the customer loyalty will be consolidated by increasing the needs of customer s and the customer satisfaction. 2. 2. Creating sales organizational structures that are more nimble and adaptable to the needs of different customer groups Coca-cola is the famous and big company. So the product and the sales organization structure are strongly responding the needs of different customer groups. Each part of structure have mission of the boss set out, the mission is take care of groups which be in charged.And the different customers groups want to mention are reseller and whole seller. | Pros| Cons| Whole seller| -The price is the reasonable -The quantity is enormous -Long term stock | -Inconvenient to use immediately -Hard to bring along -Have few promotion| Reseller| -Can find product every where -Convenient to enjoy immediately-Can choose state of product. It’s mean you can choose cold or not. -Easy to bring along-A lot of promotion| -The price is higher than whole seller so cannot buy enormous-Do  not  market competition  so  compete in regional( it’s mean standards of living that region) |Coca-cola on each day has more and more product to reduce their cons. So coca-cola always know how to flexible with different customers groups by creating product suitable for customer. Supports to different customers groups, coca-cola have kind of product help for sale. For example in Singapore, coca-cola have a lot of kind of product, coca-cola know the people who live in Singapore like tea, fruit and soft drink †¦ So coca-cola have the product suitable for this. Soft drink: can service for everyone, with especially for teenager, with the special formula and perennial brand coca-cola can persuade people use their product.Beside coca-cola– the main product they have Sprite, Fanta, coca-cola light †¦ Tea: for people who don’t want to drink soft drink because soft drink can make their fat †¦ and some people who live in Singapore like to drink tea, especially is elderly. So coca-cola knows it and they crea te this product with a lot of flavor to choose. The product is Heaven and Earth Fruit: For people, who care about their health, especially is woman . The product is Minute Maid Pulpy. With each product coca-cola have many designs with many service size.They have can, small bottle, big bottle, glass bottle, paper box, big steel container (it has just serve for restaurant, cinema, especially for fast-food restaurant). This serves for everywhere, every customer with different hobbies. Base on it. Coca-cola can create big sales. With each customer, coca-cola organization explores how to get satisfied of them 2. 3. Gaining greater job ownership and commitment from salespeople The big company like Coca-Cola always know how to treat the employees, especially is salespeople. Because the salespeople are important part of company, they help company to sell all of product.And Coca-Cola-the big company always treat their properly. Company always has the award for good sales to motivate their em ployees. Examples are they have a value award for best seller or they have the award for all of employees who get the limit of selling will have the award. Along with it, Coca-Cola empowers their staff. Coca-Cola equip staff with knowledge, skills and tools necessary so they cannot just do his job well, but can also handle tasks outside their scope, especially issues related to customer requirements.When employees are empowered, they do not find people with high authority in the company, that they will actively address the issues arising. They will have the freedom to act and take responsibility for results. When they have mistake, they also actively seek ways to overcome. Coca-Cola cut down procedures to prevent employees think and act like an owner. Often, when not satisfied, customers are requested to meet with business owners and top managers. But in the end customer would not achieve better than what the staff had explained earlier. Why it takes time for this?And Coca-Cola has told employees that they must address the job as being a business owner. When trust in the staff, Coca-Cola will give them the confidence and that will significantly improve the results of their work. But to the employees actually work proactively solve, Coca-Cola has improved processes and procedures and facilitate the subordinates can make decisions more and more important work their daily†¦ The staff needs to be updated in time to the things going on in the company. There is nothing worse than an employee about to hear a client say that their company is surprised.Remember that the lower-level employees are the ones who directly meet most customers. They need to have all the information needed to communicate with customers†¦ Employees who know best what customers like and what's not happy. When the power advantage of the wisdom of employees, Company business can operate and give customers what they really want. This process itself will make employees feel respected, appr eciated and is an important member in the organization. So employees must commit with company. They must introduce about product of Coca-Cola and do the job with their best ability.And along with it they will help company to get their aim. 2. 4. Shifting sales management style from commanding to coaching In the development of the world, the market trading gave some new demands for business who want to succeed. In any organization, sale manager plays a crucial role. So what is sale manager? – That means â€Å"you’re a manager of people† [3]. In facts, each leader will choose one management style for them to adapt many factors and achieve the goals of the business. The first thing, we will analyze two main sale management styles: commanding and coaching.What is commanding style? It means the imposition leader’s ideas on the collective. They often take themselves as a measure of the value. In this style, the sale management tells many employees what he wants them to do and how they must do it without getting any advice. It often makes employees feel managers don’t understand their innermost feelings and aspiration. The staffs aren’t interested in giving their ideas to improve business and the result is that the company was missed profuse opinions from the employees.But in the current market, sale managers need to create an environment that it allows salespeople to use their talents and their abilities to successfully secure, or put another way is build and maintain consumers relationship. So for selling to change, management of salespeople must also change accordingly. And one of the most important and often most neglected, a half of responsibility of the sale management is coaching reps. Here we need to understand what coaching is. It is the working process between sale manager and salespeople on a day-to-day basis to improve their performance.If a perfect manager, he will constantly coach and give feedback to the people who report to them directly and indirectly to help them improve, grow up strategies†¦Moreover, he must try to find out how to motivate their salespeople and direct their employees that which one is right or wrong. Katherine Twells who is a vice president of the Coca-Cola company, said that â€Å"Leadership is an art that you work on daily† [4]. Coca Cola affirms that â€Å"Organization is a great place to work where people are inspired to be the best they can be† [5].With this vision, they always create opportunities to encourage their staffs to develop themselves and increase their knowledge and competencies. Moreover, CCL (Coca – Cola Icecek A. S) provides fundamental training programs based on a staff’s position. It includes internal training, external training and online training, or E-learning [6]. Sales coaching can receive better results in the business. It supplies achievement, fulfillment and joy from which both the individual and organizat ion benefit. In a study by the Sales Executive Council recognizes the importance of coaching; sales organizations achieve 107% of target.You can see on the chart: [7] 2. 5. Leveraging for sales success Nowadays, salespeople use a lot of technological tools at their disposal than ever before. Clearly, technology systems bear a viral importance for management of the business. Actually, Coca Cola is a big company. So they always found on information technology networks and systems, including the Internet, to process, transmit and store electronic information, and to manage or support a variety of business processes and activities, including procurement and supply chain, manufacturing, distribution and invoicing and collection of payments.Thanks to the Distribution System Software implemented in 2007, organization could cover the sales of 97% of the sales of the sales of 260,000 CCL customers through BASIS with 250 of distributors [8]. Customers can order by portable handheld devices. T hese devices will show update records for sales staff such as: on the visited sales out lets, equipment, accounts, and the shipment for the sales outlets†¦After analyze consumer behavior of customers; Coca Cola will revise their products, pricing, packaging, and distribution strategies to bring better quality.It helps them know how salespeople plan their days, how they contact customers, how they manage all of the information they must know, and so on. In facts, if information technology systems suffer demand such as shutdown or disruption without resolve immediately, the organization will have a big lose about revenue and profit as a result of distribute, invoice, or create slowly in reporting financial. 2. 6. Evaluating salesperson performance more accurately Basically, salesperson evaluation is the comparison of salesperson's objectives with the results they achieved.The evaluation process begins with the settings of the objectives which may be: * financial such as sales rev enue, profit and expenses, * market-oriented such as market share, or * customer oriented such as customer satisfaction and service levels. Then, the sales strategy must be decided to show how the objectives are to be achieved. Also performance standards should be set for the company, regions, products, salespeople and accounts. Results are then measured and compared with performance standards.Reasons for differences are assessed, than action will be taken to improve the performance. The results of performance review can be used to answer a number of important problems such as: * Performance review have important role for developing the motivation. * Performance review of salesperson is the foundation for improvement quality of sales process. * Performance review of salesperson is the condition for the training of the organization. * System of performance evaluation is very necessary to creating the system of compensation. Planning and improvement the human resources depend on syste m that measures performances. * Performance review of salesperson support the implementation of strategic approach of organization. That’s why evaluation of salespersons becomes one of the key activities of sales management in a company. In coca – cola, every salesperson’s evaluation is done on quarterly basis. And based on the evaluation, the company will consider whether or not to promote the people to the higher levels of the organization is the best decision to make.So this evaluation also motivates salespeople to work hard and get the promotion or at least the monetary rewards, which are given not only to the best salesman but the best market developer and the best sales manager of the year. Their performance is evaluated on the basis of performance development plan. Performance is measured on the basis of achievement of the targets, which are set and communicated at the very beginning of the year to each sales manager, each quarter to every market develope r and every month to each salesperson.This performance development plan evaluates the sales people on the basis of call slips, Route call, Call completion, Effective and productive call, attendance, growth in sales, market development and the punctuality of the salesman. 3. Conclusion The Coca-Cola Company, although with a long history company, can still occupy the first position in the soft drink companies around the world because the company adopts to achieve the success. The drivers are shown as follows: Building long-term relationships with customers; they go all out to achieve brand loyalty, they focus on consumer sophistication (by accommodating their consumer's new demands), evaluate the response of their consumer, reaching a strategic consensus, and building a strong positive brand image. * Creating sales organizational forms that are more nimble and adaptable to the needs of direct customer groups; they create a more flexible organizational forms. Gaining greater job owners hip and commitment from salespeople by removing functional barriers within the organization and leveraging the team experience; they treat their employees well, keep them happy so they can do things right. * Shifting sales management style from commanding to coaching; so their employee can do the right thing (not just do things right). * Leveraging available technology for sales success; they adapt with technology development and use those things for the sake of their company. Better-integrating salesperson performance evaluation to incorporate the full range of activities and outcomes relevant within sales jobs today; they evaluate their salesperson more accurately so they can keep (or promote) the good salesperson and kick (or demote) the bad ones, which makes every penny they spend on their salesperson gives a far greater gain for the company. 4. References 1. Omar MW, Jusoff K, Ali MNM. 2009. Salesperson Professional Selling and the Effect on Buyer and Salesperson Relationship. International Journal of Business and Management. 4:43-45. 2. http://www. wildwestprisons. om/the-key-to-the-success-of-coca-cola/ (Accessed: 21 November 2011) 3. John F. Tanner JK, Earl D. Honeycutt JR and Robert C. Erffmeyer (2009, p. 4) Introduction to sales management. 4. John F. Tanner JR, Earl D. Honeycutt JR and Robert C. Erffmeyer (2009, p. 220) Supervising, managing, and leading salespeople individually and in teams. 5. Mission, Vision ; Values http://www. thecoca-colacompany. com/ourcompany/mission_vision_values. html (Accessed:22 November 2011) 6. Coca-Cola Jcecek Corporate Social Responsibility Report (March 2008-Marchi 2009) Available at: http://www. hecoca-colacompany. com/citizenship/pdf/sustainability_reports/2008-2009_icecek. pdf (Accessed: 22 November 2011). 7. Sales Force Effectiveness Blog – Sales Process: How Managers become Coaches (Posted by John Kenney on Sat, Sep17, 2011) http://www. salesbenchmarkindex. com/bid/66659/Sales-Process-How-Managers-Become -Coaches (Accessed: 22 November 2011). 8. (Coca-Cola Icecek Corporate Social Responsibility Report (Turkey January 2007 – March 2008)http://www. thecocacolacompany. com/citizenship/pdf/cci_csr2007. pdf (Accessed: 22 November 2011).

Persuasive Letter Essays - Philosophy Of Religion, Existence Of God

Persuasive Letter Essays - Philosophy Of Religion, Existence Of God Persuasive Letter May 5, 2013 123 Main Street Any Town, NJ 12345 Dear Abdulsalem: I know it has been awhile since I spoke to you but I just wanted to let you know I just took a philosophy class and really learned a lot. I know you have been hesitant about talking about your religion but I just wanted to share some thing with you and see if you will have a different view. The biggest thing I learned about was the difference between Theology and Philosophy. I may have always kind of grouped them together but I not only see how they can be similar in one religion but I can also now see how they can be different in others as well. By the end of this letter, I am hoping to persuade you to be open minded with things like philosophy and theology. First, I thought it would be good to just go through a simple definition of what each is. Theology is simply the belief in God. I, myself being a Roman Catholic and you being Muslim just means we may call him something different but we both believe in a high power. With theology we both look for a clear understanding of our religion and make assumptions from our doctrines. Philosophy actually assumes nothing. It is different since philosophers are always looking for the proof of the argument. Philosophy is actually a discipline that uses reason and logic to understand its reality. I know you always leaned more to the philosophical side as you are a skeptic by nature. I, myself, am a true believer and do not need to see to believe. In my class, I also learned about a few other religions and what they thought as well. Just to back up my own Christian upbringing, I thought I would share a view with you. AS you know the biggest question Philosophers have is if God really exists and if so, why did he send his son and how can he be referred to as the Father, Son and Holy Ghost. One of the Philosophers that tried to evaluate if God did exist was St. Anselm. He envisioned God as the Greatest Conceivable Thing and said that only a fool can think God does not exist. He created something called the ontological argument which simply means that Gods existence is self-evident and it is harder to believe there is no God. So even though he assumes God exists, his argument is valid because only a fool would think he did not. I thought I would look into the Muslim culture and see if I can find an argument as well. I found something on the internet and thought I would share this too. Ibn Rushd (Averros) was a Muslim Philosopher and highly regarded in the West. His interpretations or Aristotle sparked interest among the other Muslims and Ibn sought to ease the tension between philosophy and religion. His novel exegesis of seminal Quranic verses made the case for three valid paths of arriving at religious truths, and that philosophy was one if not the best of them, therefore its study should not be prohibited. (iep.utm.edu/ibnrushd/) He was a strong believer that theology and philosophy went together and they helped demonstrate deeper meanings of their representation and words. The last religion I looked at to see if they thought theology and philosophy went hand in hand was the Jewish culture. We both know they believe God exists just what is different from my religion is that they do not believe Jesus was already on earth. They do not believe that God would have put his only son on earth to suffer at the hands of others like he did. Moses Maimonides was a philosopher who attempted to reconcile reason and revelation. I believe that each philosopher and religion proves that theology and philosophy can work together to prove there is a God and to understand that we are better off believing that to be true then not. We used to talk about how many people can believe in all different Gods yet we knew they were still referring to once diving being. This just proves that even though each philosopher needs proof, the unknowing